{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376891040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585","title":"Multilevel Feature Aggregated Network with Instance Contrastive Learning Constraint for Building Extraction","display_name":"Multilevel Feature Aggregated Network with Instance Contrastive Learning Constraint for Building Extraction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376891040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2585/pdf?version=1684160418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2585/pdf?version=1684160418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651070","display_name":"Shiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-0535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geo-Information Technology for Smart Central Plains, Zhengzhou 450045, China","College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Perception and Intelligent Processing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450045, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geo-Information Technology for Smart Central Plains, Zhengzhou 450045, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Perception and Intelligent Processing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450045, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102513834","display_name":"Tingrui Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingrui Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387670","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-078X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geo-Information Technology for Smart Central Plains, Zhengzhou 450045, China","College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Perception and Intelligent Processing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450045, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geo-Information Technology for Smart Central Plains, Zhengzhou 450045, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Perception and Intelligent Processing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450045, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001967848","display_name":"Rongxin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-0426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103006052","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-8935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100651070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480","https://openalex.org/I211433327"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86072291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"2585","last_page":"2585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954639196395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5250199437141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4703757166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.43778663873672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4323159158229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4317835569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.42676201462745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4126529097557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40915071964263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.346986323595047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954639196395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5250199437141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4703757166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.43778663873672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4323159158229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4317835569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.42676201462745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4126529097557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40915071964263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.346986323595047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2585/pdf?version=1684160418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2f033cf8aa346e3ac1cef3f17ec62a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2f033cf8aa346e3ac1cef3f17ec62a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2585 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/10/2585/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 10; Pages: 2585","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102585","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2585/pdf?version=1684160418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4140495970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31971723","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5397990600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7024318312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"232102320068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7244025579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321760","funder_display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272804526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"232102320068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321760","funder_display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8079825726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32102320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8879746948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31971723","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321760","funder_display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321760","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376891040.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1976827068","https://openalex.org/W2054091530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2546910646","https://openalex.org/W2547675593","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2620689612","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2776462702","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2790741584","https://openalex.org/W2795635230","https://openalex.org/W2888733778","https://openalex.org/W2890744721","https://openalex.org/W2897593716","https://openalex.org/W2897936062","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2912114399","https://openalex.org/W2939647427","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963532621","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2979630916","https://openalex.org/W2980346985","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2991441757","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3014060899","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3096168491","https://openalex.org/W3104035745","https://openalex.org/W3136393638","https://openalex.org/W3137744231","https://openalex.org/W3157928789","https://openalex.org/W3163631062","https://openalex.org/W3174632922","https://openalex.org/W3215100961","https://openalex.org/W3217005392","https://openalex.org/W4200512530","https://openalex.org/W4205457644","https://openalex.org/W4213172700","https://openalex.org/W4224300732","https://openalex.org/W4319300004","https://openalex.org/W6783097568","https://openalex.org/W6804170360","https://openalex.org/W6808691509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W4235186151","https://openalex.org/W2056057048","https://openalex.org/W2054685365","https://openalex.org/W2272354214","https://openalex.org/W2120383820","https://openalex.org/W2043010663","https://openalex.org/W2667588871","https://openalex.org/W4248308508","https://openalex.org/W4309346246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"footprint":[1],"extraction":[2],"from":[3,109],"remotely":[4],"sensed":[5],"imagery":[6],"is":[7,59,78],"a":[8,90,100],"critical":[9],"task":[10],"in":[11,31,63],"the":[12,46,55,66,72,95,123,126,141,147,154,164,171,176],"field":[13],"of":[14,74,125,166,178],"illegal":[15],"building":[16,57,76,167,172],"discovery,":[17],"urban":[18],"dynamic":[19],"monitoring,":[20],"and":[21,49,71,138,149,175],"disaster":[22],"emergency":[23],"response.":[24],"Recent":[25],"research":[26],"has":[27],"made":[28],"significant":[29],"progress":[30],"this":[32],"area":[33],"by":[34],"utilizing":[35],"deep":[36],"learning":[37,120],"techniques.":[38],"However,":[39],"it":[40],"remains":[41,89],"difficult":[42,79],"to":[43,80,121],"efficiently":[44],"balance":[45],"spatial":[47],"detail":[48],"rich":[50],"semantic":[51],"features.":[52],"In":[53],"particular,":[54],"extracted":[56,108],"edge":[58],"often":[60],"inaccurate,":[61],"especially":[62,169],"areas":[64],"where":[65],"buildings":[67,85],"are":[68],"densely":[69],"distributed,":[70],"boundary":[73],"adjacent":[75],"instances":[77],"distinguish":[81],"accurately.":[82],"Additionally,":[83],"identifying":[84],"with":[86],"varying":[87],"scales":[88],"challenging":[91],"problem.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"above":[96],"problems,":[97],"we":[98,113],"designed":[99],"novel":[101],"framework":[102],"that":[103,132],"aggregated":[104],"multilevel":[105],"contextual":[106],"information":[107],"multiple":[110],"encoders.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"introduced":[114],"an":[115],"instance":[116,173],"constraint":[117],"into":[118],"contrastive":[119],"enhance":[122],"robustness":[124],"feature":[127],"representation.":[128],"Experimental":[129],"results":[130],"demonstrated":[131],"our":[133,160],"proposed":[134],"method":[135,161],"achieved":[136],"91.07%":[137],"74.58%":[139],"on":[140,146],"intersection":[142],"over":[143],"union":[144],"metric":[145],"WHU":[148],"Massachusetts":[150],"datasets,":[151],"respectively,":[152],"outperforming":[153],"most":[155],"recent":[156],"related":[157],"methods.":[158],"Notably,":[159],"significantly":[162],"improved":[163],"accuracy":[165],"boundaries,":[168],"at":[170],"level,":[174],"integrity":[177],"multi-scale":[179],"buildings.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
