{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376955484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572","title":"Ionospheric Perturbations Due to Large Thunderstorms and the Resulting Mechanical and Acoustic Signatures","display_name":"Ionospheric Perturbations Due to Large Thunderstorms and the Resulting Mechanical and Acoustic Signatures","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376955484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2572/pdf?version=1684393492","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2572/pdf?version=1684393492","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078063703","display_name":"B. O. Ogunsua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babalola O. Ogunsua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria","Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019974660","display_name":"Xiushu Qie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-3790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiushu Qie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015498178","display_name":"Abhay Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-6727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130634","display_name":"North Eastern Space Applications Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03tdar888","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhay Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Space and Atmospheric Science Division, North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam 793103, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Atmospheric Science Division, North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam 793103, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033346741","display_name":"Oladipo E. Abe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43427933","display_name":"Federal University Oye Ekiti","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5h6807","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oladipo Emmanuel Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye 370111, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye 370111, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43427933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067333876","display_name":"Charles Owolabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Owolabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria","Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010604322","display_name":"Rubin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642752","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019974660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5248,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81390173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"2572","last_page":"2572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.9246764779090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorm","display_name":"Thunderstorm","score":0.8755069375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.7974388599395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.4787692129611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4547537863254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.43899422883987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4007789194583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3732386827468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.3657079339027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3453419804573059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.9246764779090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.8755069375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.7974388599395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.4787692129611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4547537863254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43899422883987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4007789194583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3732386827468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3657079339027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3453419804573059}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2572/pdf?version=1684393492","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ebf37b0886f443aacdec5fe14841f59","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ebf37b0886f443aacdec5fe14841f59","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2572 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/10/2572/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 10; Pages: 2572","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2572/pdf?version=1684393492","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1392493182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42230609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4557443393","display_name":"\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u96f7\u66b4\u4e91\u5185\u7535\u8377\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u95ea\u7535\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41630425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376955484.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497549345","https://openalex.org/W1588225624","https://openalex.org/W1845325077","https://openalex.org/W1909438361","https://openalex.org/W1965096884","https://openalex.org/W1969456000","https://openalex.org/W1969740830","https://openalex.org/W1978351981","https://openalex.org/W1987326676","https://openalex.org/W1990810146","https://openalex.org/W1994775334","https://openalex.org/W1996840990","https://openalex.org/W2000944407","https://openalex.org/W2008735008","https://openalex.org/W2010238644","https://openalex.org/W2020533438","https://openalex.org/W2031442402","https://openalex.org/W2033306738","https://openalex.org/W2034782152","https://openalex.org/W2039436021","https://openalex.org/W2044837178","https://openalex.org/W2050291541","https://openalex.org/W2053450406","https://openalex.org/W2062320936","https://openalex.org/W2075393126","https://openalex.org/W2079529223","https://openalex.org/W2079797247","https://openalex.org/W2085101070","https://openalex.org/W2087138819","https://openalex.org/W2101607837","https://openalex.org/W2120623355","https://openalex.org/W2123211102","https://openalex.org/W2132581040","https://openalex.org/W2132820335","https://openalex.org/W2147423475","https://openalex.org/W2162177732","https://openalex.org/W2169484888","https://openalex.org/W2173923834","https://openalex.org/W2219925947","https://openalex.org/W2263121833","https://openalex.org/W2575414108","https://openalex.org/W2626880912","https://openalex.org/W2664294229","https://openalex.org/W2756307480","https://openalex.org/W2780195145","https://openalex.org/W2850038799","https://openalex.org/W2891715054","https://openalex.org/W2940719517","https://openalex.org/W2965689482","https://openalex.org/W2990725553","https://openalex.org/W3007509882","https://openalex.org/W3026768690","https://openalex.org/W3094365879","https://openalex.org/W3143275032","https://openalex.org/W3158719621","https://openalex.org/W3168760958","https://openalex.org/W3172786005","https://openalex.org/W3199929974","https://openalex.org/W3207272138","https://openalex.org/W4280556991","https://openalex.org/W4293744885","https://openalex.org/W4295211048","https://openalex.org/W6629704065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391986911","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2280162962","https://openalex.org/W2170328996","https://openalex.org/W2281447254","https://openalex.org/W1989070650","https://openalex.org/W2550010074","https://openalex.org/W2770061914","https://openalex.org/W1992137669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perturbations":[0],"from":[1,53,175],"thunderstorms":[2,22,50],"can":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,145],"notable":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,114,134],"the":[9,12,36,54,67,85,97,115,125,130,135,153,156,162,167],"dynamics":[10],"of":[11,45,90,100,112,117,138,164,170],"ionosphere.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15,183],"work,":[16],"ionospheric":[17,46],"perturbation":[18],"effects":[19],"due":[20,48],"to":[21,49,83,106,120,141],"were":[23,33,51,73],"extracted":[24,52,174],"and":[25,30,78,88,129,161,188],"studied.":[26],"Thunderstorm-associated":[27],"lightning":[28],"activities":[29],"their":[31],"locations":[32,65],"detected":[34],"by":[35],"World-Wide":[37],"Lightning":[38],"Location":[39],"Network":[40],"(WWLLN).":[41],"The":[42,178],"mechanical":[43],"components":[44],"perturbations":[47,173],"total":[55],"electron":[56],"content":[57],"(TEC),":[58],"which":[59],"was":[60,94,150],"measured":[61],"at":[62,166],"selected":[63],"thunderstorm":[64],"using":[66,75],"polynomial":[68],"filtering":[69],"method.":[70],"Further":[71],"analyses":[72],"conducted":[74],"wavelet":[76],"analysis":[77],"Discrete":[79],"Fourier":[80],"Transform":[81],"(DFT)":[82],"study":[84],"frequency":[86,113],"modes":[87,111],"periodicities":[89],"TEC":[91,101,176],"deviation.":[92],"It":[93],"revealed":[95],"that":[96],"highest":[98,168],"magnitudes":[99],"deviations":[102],"could":[103],"reach":[104],"up":[105],"~2.2":[107],"TECUs,":[108],"with":[109],"dominant":[110,132],"range":[116,128,137],"~0.2":[118],"mHz":[119,140],"~1.2":[121],"mHz,":[122],"falling":[123],"within":[124],"gravity":[126],"wave":[127,172],"second":[131],"mode":[133],"acoustic":[136],"&gt;1":[139],"&lt;7.5":[142],"mHz.":[143],"Additionally,":[144],"20\u201360":[146],"min":[147],"time":[148,163],"delay":[149],"observed":[151],"between":[152],"sprite":[154],"events,":[155],"other":[157],"high-energy":[158],"electrical":[159],"discharges,":[160],"occurrence":[165],"peak":[169],"acoustic-gravity":[171],"deviations.":[177],"possible":[179],"mechanism":[180],"responsible":[181],"for":[182],"phenomenon":[184],"is":[185],"further":[186],"proposed":[187],"discussed.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
