{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382626360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506","title":"Pedestrian Smartphone Navigation Based on Weighted Graph Factor Optimization Utilizing GPS/BDS Multi-Constellation","display_name":"Pedestrian Smartphone Navigation Based on Weighted Graph Factor Optimization Utilizing GPS/BDS Multi-Constellation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382626360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2506/pdf?version=1683716008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2506/pdf?version=1683716008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418446","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6836-8901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6836-8901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038894472","display_name":"Jianliang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianliang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102714100","display_name":"Yuming Bo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-6749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374346","display_name":"Yuwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-3609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-3609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074175188","display_name":"Changhui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AME-GEOLOC, Gustave Eiffel University, F-44340 Bouguenais, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AME-GEOLOC, Gustave Eiffel University, F-44340 Bouguenais, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084735407","display_name":"Jianxin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-4547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-4547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040174825","display_name":"Zhiyong Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-3090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068228319","display_name":"Mika Karjalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mika Karjalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Vuorimiehentie, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038894472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.2027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77631579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"2506","last_page":"2506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.791952908039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7355461120605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6713714599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6236708164215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5952048897743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.4771963059902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4621933102607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.45403406023979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1665448546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16525134444236755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.791952908039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7355461120605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6713714599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6236708164215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5952048897743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.4771963059902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4621933102607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.45403406023979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1665448546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16525134444236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2506/pdf?version=1683716008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec4a0b61eded4db38759595bf1371100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec4a0b61eded4db38759595bf1371100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2506 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/358606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/358606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"A1 Alkuper\u00e4isartikkeli tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/10/2506/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 10; Pages: 2506","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2506/pdf?version=1683716008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1040658043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1053131551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1189683701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1278868145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1487139907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1570205092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1579265265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1946164660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2078831540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2155167844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2250109506","display_name":"Bright- Biotic Damage Mapping with Ultrawide Spectral Range LiDARs for Sustainable Forest Growth","funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364410238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2384056764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2526661478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2701373498","display_name":"Forest-Human-Machine Interplay - Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling Meaningful Experiences","funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2747941829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2789095593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2875884615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902455095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3032820380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3154785226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3224094759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"337656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3225820068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3227380827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3278678756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3446859024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3647086705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3945500100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3955641009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397059578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G400720488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4526250738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G452797647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G470285670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4839099412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4899061433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4948139051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4999911218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5039086703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G513677327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5176872692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5222686597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5291801302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5333998605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5404574222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5519330677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G565724754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5858967091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5935686375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5941251055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6034528246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6228033814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6241979548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6381981567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9424877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6528077623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6594387270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6992146719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G705171864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"343678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7118830712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7191687085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7255318705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2021026027L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7392208152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7508484075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"X190211TE190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","funder_display_name":"Strategic Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577018966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7648552537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7816367515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z181100001018036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7878820133","display_name":"Ultrafast Data Production with Broadband Photodetectors for Active Hyperspectral Space Imaging","funder_award_id":"336145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7883737759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"181811KYSB20160040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8029529340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8140977487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"314312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8362013736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8575616068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA22030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8618112903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18590712600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","funder_display_name":"Huawei Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8756491968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","display_name":"Strategic Research Council","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382626360.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968315983","https://openalex.org/W2036124157","https://openalex.org/W2080156965","https://openalex.org/W2103243199","https://openalex.org/W2108494646","https://openalex.org/W2131355302","https://openalex.org/W2132506916","https://openalex.org/W2486025034","https://openalex.org/W2569197541","https://openalex.org/W2802985221","https://openalex.org/W2810983905","https://openalex.org/W2889401445","https://openalex.org/W2902669059","https://openalex.org/W2903561482","https://openalex.org/W2954359874","https://openalex.org/W2962779523","https://openalex.org/W2966550573","https://openalex.org/W2979386404","https://openalex.org/W3016856310","https://openalex.org/W3021583842","https://openalex.org/W3027394065","https://openalex.org/W3030176708","https://openalex.org/W3097845317","https://openalex.org/W3124810643","https://openalex.org/W3134038073","https://openalex.org/W3171711237","https://openalex.org/W3176583925","https://openalex.org/W3202375294","https://openalex.org/W3207898836","https://openalex.org/W4200190681","https://openalex.org/W4210883894","https://openalex.org/W4224316874","https://openalex.org/W4283068886","https://openalex.org/W4285179475","https://openalex.org/W4286656485","https://openalex.org/W4296106046","https://openalex.org/W4306399452","https://openalex.org/W4306922465","https://openalex.org/W6840495180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W3005924041","https://openalex.org/W1988145424","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2063488330","https://openalex.org/W2071552392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"focused":[3],"on":[4,57,75,83,135,157],"the":[5,37,45,49,72,76,89,95,100,114,118,121,125,131,136,139,144,153,158,165,172,176,187,191,194,200,204],"smartphone-based":[6,33,84],"global":[7],"navigation":[8,51,87],"satellite":[9,47,163],"system":[10,52],"(GNSS)":[11],"for":[12,143,190],"its":[13],"portability.":[14],"However,":[15],"complex":[16],"urban":[17,21],"environments,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"canyons":[22],"and":[23,138,164,193],"tunnels,":[24],"can":[25],"easily":[26],"interfere":[27],"with":[28],"GNSS":[29,38,188],"signal":[30,39,115,159],"qualities.":[31],"Current":[32],"positioning":[34],"technologies":[35],"using":[36],"still":[40],"pose":[41],"great":[42],"challenges.":[43],"Since":[44],"last":[46],"of":[48,117,161,175,203],"BeiDou":[50],"(BDS)":[53],"was":[54],"successfully":[55],"launched":[56],"23":[58],"June":[59],"2020,":[60],"it":[61],"is":[62,183],"possible":[63],"to":[64,70,169,185],"use":[65],"a":[66],"low-cost":[67],"Android":[68,181],"device":[69],"realize":[71],"localization":[73,96,105,173],"based":[74,134,156],"BDS":[77,119],"signals":[78],"worldwide.":[79],"This":[80],"research":[81],"focuses":[82],"outdoor":[85],"pedestrian":[86],"utilizing":[88],"GPS/BDS":[90],"multi-constellation":[91],"system.":[92],"To":[93],"improve":[94,171],"accuracy,":[97],"we":[98,112,129,151],"proposed":[99,205],"Weighted":[101],"Factor":[102,146],"Graph":[103,147],"Optimization":[104,148],"model":[106,155],"(W-FGO).":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"paper,":[110],"firstly,":[111],"evaluate":[113],"qualities":[116],"via":[120],"data":[122,142,189],"collected":[123],"by":[124],"static":[126],"experiment.":[127],"Then,":[128],"structure":[130],"cost":[132],"function":[133],"pseudo-range":[137],"time":[140,166],"series":[141],"traditional":[145],"(FGO).":[149],"Finally,":[150],"design":[152],"weight":[154],"quality":[160],"each":[162],"fading":[167],"factor":[168],"further":[170],"accuracy":[174],"conventional":[177],"FGO":[178],"method.":[179,206],"An":[180],"smartphone":[182],"utilized":[184],"collect":[186],"evaluation":[192],"localization.":[195],"The":[196],"experiment":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"superior":[201],"performance":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2023-06-30T00:00:00"}