{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382293510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502","title":"A Method for Assessing Urban Ecological Resilience and Identifying Its Critical Distance Belt Based on the \u201cSource-Sink\u201d Theory: A Case Study of Beijing","display_name":"A Method for Assessing Urban Ecological Resilience and Identifying Its Critical Distance Belt Based on the \u201cSource-Sink\u201d Theory: A Case Study of Beijing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382293510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2502/pdf?version=1683708502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2502/pdf?version=1683708502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102344897","display_name":"Xiaogang Ning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038346437","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038346437","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419451","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6041-8224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419451","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6041-8224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446127","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092281303","display_name":"Weiwei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038346437","https://openalex.org/A5100419451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81799025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"2502","last_page":"2502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.7697125673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5679646730422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4960959851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.4403068721294403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.41736215353012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.4104444980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3238903284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.3161172866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2655472159385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.19477087259292603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.7697125673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5679646730422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4960959851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4403068721294403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41736215353012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4104444980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3238903284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3161172866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2655472159385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.19477087259292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2502/pdf?version=1683708502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21a71b11de7343e19e4367cb55629b03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21a71b11de7343e19e4367cb55629b03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2502 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/10/2502/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 10; Pages: 2502","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15102502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/10/2502/pdf?version=1683708502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382293510.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504356479","https://openalex.org/W1981872228","https://openalex.org/W1985864794","https://openalex.org/W2011303397","https://openalex.org/W2017809445","https://openalex.org/W2024426706","https://openalex.org/W2027676542","https://openalex.org/W2029118704","https://openalex.org/W2059088184","https://openalex.org/W2065798678","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2097935015","https://openalex.org/W2100846025","https://openalex.org/W2101447269","https://openalex.org/W2171730709","https://openalex.org/W2243890652","https://openalex.org/W2285618046","https://openalex.org/W2329033092","https://openalex.org/W2357251398","https://openalex.org/W2368077872","https://openalex.org/W2380341423","https://openalex.org/W2472392597","https://openalex.org/W2535727851","https://openalex.org/W2564262530","https://openalex.org/W2733098106","https://openalex.org/W2750065980","https://openalex.org/W2751498600","https://openalex.org/W2756781195","https://openalex.org/W2796401271","https://openalex.org/W2805630562","https://openalex.org/W2900541403","https://openalex.org/W2901972427","https://openalex.org/W2918126705","https://openalex.org/W2999368019","https://openalex.org/W3003614825","https://openalex.org/W3026912179","https://openalex.org/W3037023836","https://openalex.org/W3096319623","https://openalex.org/W3109268000","https://openalex.org/W3160052477","https://openalex.org/W3165006036","https://openalex.org/W3195989941","https://openalex.org/W4200114668","https://openalex.org/W4205523882","https://openalex.org/W4206358228","https://openalex.org/W4206385949","https://openalex.org/W4210267561","https://openalex.org/W4213310158","https://openalex.org/W4214704824","https://openalex.org/W4220719057","https://openalex.org/W4220910590","https://openalex.org/W4224255968","https://openalex.org/W4225638026","https://openalex.org/W4229440673","https://openalex.org/W4280513564","https://openalex.org/W4280586557","https://openalex.org/W4281478282","https://openalex.org/W4283031118","https://openalex.org/W4283360093","https://openalex.org/W4285405093","https://openalex.org/W4296849209","https://openalex.org/W4297982529","https://openalex.org/W4308872785","https://openalex.org/W4309457411","https://openalex.org/W4313259768","https://openalex.org/W4405351259","https://openalex.org/W6731037756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W4293167957","https://openalex.org/W2361035307","https://openalex.org/W2380455807","https://openalex.org/W2993975634","https://openalex.org/W2359982472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reasonable":[1],"assessment":[2,34,73],"of":[3,13,16,26,55,102,155,229,239,247],"urban":[4,28,47,111,217,240],"ecological":[5,207,241],"resilience":[6,168,242],"(UER),":[7],"as":[8,10],"well":[9],"quantitative":[11],"identification":[12],"critical":[14,83,106,245],"thresholds":[15],"UER,":[17],"is":[18,190,211],"an":[19],"important":[20],"theoretical":[21],"basis":[22],"for":[23,171,236],"the":[24,37,53,65,81,88,99,126,133,140,158,163,166,201,206,237,244],"formulation":[25],"scientific":[27],"development":[29,112,184,203,218],"planning.":[30,197],"The":[31,119,147,176,227],"existing":[32],"UER":[33,57,72,103,134,148],"methods":[35],"ignore":[36],"dynamic":[38],"relationship":[39],"between":[40],"protection":[41,208],"factors":[42,45],"and":[43,49,75,104,116,129,139,160,165,195,220,243],"disturbance":[44],"in":[46,109,149,157,162,178,180,182],"systems":[48],"do":[50],"not":[51],"address":[52],"question":[54],"where":[56],"starts":[58],"to":[59,78,97,223],"become":[60],"unstable.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64,125],"\u201csource-sink\u201d":[66,127],"landscape":[67],"theory,":[68],"we":[69,93],"constructed":[70],"a":[71,76,152,233],"model":[74],"method":[77],"quantitatively":[79,144],"identify":[80],"UER\u2019s":[82],"distance":[84,107],"belt":[85,108],"(UER-CDB)":[86],"using":[87],"transect":[89,130],"gradient":[90,131],"analysis.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"combined":[94],"scenario":[95,204,209],"simulation":[96],"analyze":[98],"change":[100],"characteristics":[101],"its":[105],"different":[110,183],"directions":[113,185],"over":[114],"past":[115],"future":[117,216],"periods.":[118],"results":[120],"show":[121],"that:":[122],"(1)":[123],"Based":[124],"theory":[128],"method,":[132],"can":[135,142],"be":[136,143],"effectively":[137],"assessed":[138],"UER-CDB":[141,179],"identified.":[145],"(2)":[146],"Beijing":[150,181],"shows":[151],"distribution":[153],"pattern":[154],"high":[156],"northwest":[159],"low":[161],"southeast,":[164],"High":[167],"area":[169],"accounts":[170],"more":[172,212,221],"than":[173],"40%.":[174],"(3)":[175],"changes":[177],"have":[186],"obvious":[187],"variability,":[188],"which":[189],"mainly":[191],"influenced":[192],"by":[193],"topography":[194],"policy":[196],"(4)":[198],"Compared":[199],"with":[200,214],"natural":[202],"(NDS),":[205],"(EPS)":[210],"consistent":[213],"Beijing\u2019s":[215],"plan":[219],"conducive":[222],"achieving":[224],"sustainable":[225],"development.":[226],"methodology":[228],"this":[230],"paper":[231],"provides":[232],"fresh":[234],"perspective":[235],"study":[238],"threshold":[246],"ecosystems.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T05:59:34.339393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}