{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366091608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092","title":"A Review of Deep-Learning Methods for Change Detection in Multispectral Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"A Review of Deep-Learning Methods for Change Detection in Multispectral Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366091608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2092/pdf?version=1681727449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2092/pdf?version=1681727449","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019570196","display_name":"Eleon\u00f3ra Parelius Jon\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-5846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163244428","display_name":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/0098gnz32","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eleonora Jonasova Parelius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), NO-2007 Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), NO-2007 Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019570196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.8365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99033736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"2092","last_page":"2092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.7667585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7487486600875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7198981046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.596769392490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5850460529327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5820795297622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5547074675559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4538532495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3694710433483124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1130838394165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10556644201278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05264732241630554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.7667585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7487486600875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7198981046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.596769392490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5850460529327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5820795297622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5547074675559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4538532495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3694710433483124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1130838394165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10556644201278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05264732241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2092/pdf?version=1681727449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6072928170e420e8818e83a54ff5e10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6072928170e420e8818e83a54ff5e10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 2092 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/8/2092/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 2092","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2092/pdf?version=1681727449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366091608.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156779288","https://openalex.org/W194753138","https://openalex.org/W1824774525","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1984207302","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2086623078","https://openalex.org/W2091158826","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2127161656","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2154451793","https://openalex.org/W2157026765","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2169966850","https://openalex.org/W2194441072","https://openalex.org/W2278212313","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2460092549","https://openalex.org/W2577832105","https://openalex.org/W2749751926","https://openalex.org/W2751694392","https://openalex.org/W2760245569","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2767778161","https://openalex.org/W2771635595","https://openalex.org/W2781778455","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2805152403","https://openalex.org/W2891248708","https://openalex.org/W2896365540","https://openalex.org/W2901964636","https://openalex.org/W2908048833","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2910587630","https://openalex.org/W2912323362","https://openalex.org/W2939781831","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2943149585","https://openalex.org/W2947010533","https://openalex.org/W2951991161","https://openalex.org/W2953308875","https://openalex.org/W2966542792","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2980881023","https://openalex.org/W2984954051","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W2997043451","https://openalex.org/W3003571161","https://openalex.org/W3009850435","https://openalex.org/W3009942016","https://openalex.org/W3015038817","https://openalex.org/W3017051070","https://openalex.org/W3021297918","https://openalex.org/W3027201985","https://openalex.org/W3027225766","https://openalex.org/W3036453075","https://openalex.org/W3037640242","https://openalex.org/W3048064159","https://openalex.org/W3051410463","https://openalex.org/W3081684346","https://openalex.org/W3099167317","https://openalex.org/W3104341624","https://openalex.org/W3108398838","https://openalex.org/W3115319128","https://openalex.org/W3128790873","https://openalex.org/W3130754787","https://openalex.org/W3131142666","https://openalex.org/W3133726918","https://openalex.org/W3135524381","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3139912591","https://openalex.org/W3142421496","https://openalex.org/W3176330035","https://openalex.org/W3178882511","https://openalex.org/W3179303890","https://openalex.org/W3181629194","https://openalex.org/W3186032668","https://openalex.org/W3199351457","https://openalex.org/W3203775630","https://openalex.org/W3204841830","https://openalex.org/W3210521012","https://openalex.org/W4210787790","https://openalex.org/W4213124617","https://openalex.org/W4220936840","https://openalex.org/W4224212608","https://openalex.org/W4225648150","https://openalex.org/W4226066651","https://openalex.org/W4226327869","https://openalex.org/W4226361741","https://openalex.org/W4229002315","https://openalex.org/W4229373348","https://openalex.org/W4282009013","https://openalex.org/W4285243313","https://openalex.org/W4297200610","https://openalex.org/W4297883960","https://openalex.org/W4303968578","https://openalex.org/W4307701816","https://openalex.org/W4308325132","https://openalex.org/W4308448396","https://openalex.org/W4308548133","https://openalex.org/W4312350143","https://openalex.org/W4312549298","https://openalex.org/W4313414353","https://openalex.org/W6607948718","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6762493413","https://openalex.org/W6785667101","https://openalex.org/W6791113896","https://openalex.org/W6791926410","https://openalex.org/W6797500923","https://openalex.org/W6799693294","https://openalex.org/W6810358391","https://openalex.org/W6810987806","https://openalex.org/W6811279001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W3005969065","https://openalex.org/W2031512949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,26,57],"is":[2,14,45,58,66,88],"a":[3,8,37,46,59,69,77,123],"tool":[4],"of":[5,11,23,32,63,71,80,102,113,125],"interest":[6,64],"for":[7,39,49,68,117,129],"large":[9,30,78],"variety":[10],"applications.":[12],"It":[13,109],"becoming":[15],"increasingly":[16],"more":[17],"useful":[18],"with":[19],"the":[20,29,86,100,137,142],"growing":[21],"amount":[22,31],"available":[24],"remote":[25,56],"data.":[27],"However,":[28],"data":[33],"also":[34],"leads":[35],"to":[36,99],"need":[38],"improved":[40],"automated":[41],"analysis.":[42],"Deep":[43],"learning":[44,97],"natural":[47],"candidate":[48],"solving":[50],"this":[51,130],"need.":[52],"Change":[53],"detection":[54,104,119],"in":[55,105,141],"rapidly":[60],"evolving":[61],"area":[62],"that":[65],"relevant":[67],"number":[70,79],"fields.":[72],"Recent":[73],"years":[74],"have":[75],"seen":[76],"publications":[81],"and":[82,134,139,146],"progress,":[83],"even":[84],"though":[85],"challenge":[87],"far":[89],"from":[90],"solved.":[91],"This":[92],"review":[93],"focuses":[94],"on":[95],"deep":[96],"applied":[98],"task":[101],"change":[103,118],"multispectral":[106],"remote-sensing":[107],"images.":[108],"provides":[110],"an":[111],"overview":[112],"open":[114],"datasets":[115],"designed":[116],"as":[120,122],"well":[121],"discussion":[124],"selected":[126],"models":[127],"developed":[128],"task\u2014including":[131],"supervised,":[132],"semi-supervised":[133],"unsupervised.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"challenges":[138],"trends":[140],"field":[143],"are":[144,150],"reviewed,":[145],"possible":[147],"future":[148],"developments":[149],"considered.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}