{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365149699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034","title":"Evaluation and Analysis of the Accuracy of Open-Source Software and Online Services for PPP Processing in Static Mode","display_name":"Evaluation and Analysis of the Accuracy of Open-Source Software and Online Services for PPP Processing in Static Mode","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365149699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2034/pdf?version=1681290219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2034/pdf?version=1681290219","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052021500","display_name":"J. Ren\u00e9 V\u00e1zquez-Ontiveros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196375840","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mh260","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Ren\u00e9 V\u00e1zquez-Ontiveros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064942998","display_name":"Jorge Padilla-Velazco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7893-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196375840","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mh260","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Padilla-Velazco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074504687","display_name":"J. Ramon Gaxiola\u2010Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196375840","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mh260","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ramon Gaxiola-Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080744308","display_name":"E Vazquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196375840","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mh260","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guadalupe Esteban V\u00e1zquez-Becerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080744308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196375840"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":15.0786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98544607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"2034","last_page":"2034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6872982382774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6749380230903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6513620018959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6465007066726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.4325668215751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.41339436173439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3723523020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23780971765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1842128038406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.10703682899475098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6872982382774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6749380230903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6513620018959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6465007066726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.4325668215751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.41339436173439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3723523020744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23780971765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1842128038406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.10703682899475098}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2034/pdf?version=1681290219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b8c58770dfa484fa67417b130e1345f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b8c58770dfa484fa67417b130e1345f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 2034 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/8/2034/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 2034","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2034/pdf?version=1681290219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4365149699.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905947147","https://openalex.org/W1813366400","https://openalex.org/W1990295219","https://openalex.org/W1993149373","https://openalex.org/W1997010177","https://openalex.org/W2000994437","https://openalex.org/W2017216486","https://openalex.org/W2037410685","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2091247042","https://openalex.org/W2148744075","https://openalex.org/W2265510433","https://openalex.org/W2471298119","https://openalex.org/W2472692956","https://openalex.org/W2583475699","https://openalex.org/W2782631487","https://openalex.org/W2885750104","https://openalex.org/W2905080908","https://openalex.org/W2917833516","https://openalex.org/W2942498238","https://openalex.org/W2947670452","https://openalex.org/W2948408086","https://openalex.org/W2955413675","https://openalex.org/W2977587798","https://openalex.org/W2982273203","https://openalex.org/W3001436893","https://openalex.org/W3003469732","https://openalex.org/W3007454440","https://openalex.org/W3011581018","https://openalex.org/W3016037622","https://openalex.org/W3019874365","https://openalex.org/W3020298795","https://openalex.org/W3040935985","https://openalex.org/W3047488320","https://openalex.org/W3096703834","https://openalex.org/W3107359575","https://openalex.org/W3194661210","https://openalex.org/W3195994334","https://openalex.org/W3199284457","https://openalex.org/W3200690737","https://openalex.org/W4232086175","https://openalex.org/W4240109574","https://openalex.org/W4293237179","https://openalex.org/W4303980598","https://openalex.org/W4304140252","https://openalex.org/W4310215796","https://openalex.org/W4312223639","https://openalex.org/W6747496763","https://openalex.org/W6776247007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W2804003689","https://openalex.org/W2902549258","https://openalex.org/W2968867052","https://openalex.org/W4306248906","https://openalex.org/W4220774937","https://openalex.org/W4385199229","https://openalex.org/W4306291904","https://openalex.org/W4321792462","https://openalex.org/W3206199341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2,30],"proven":[3],"that":[4,148,187,303],"precise":[5],"point":[6],"positioning":[7,16,294],"(PPP)":[8],"is":[9,99,150],"a":[10,43,52,60,81,233],"well-established":[11],"technique":[12],"to":[13,33,46,152],"obtain":[14,153],"high-precision":[15],"in":[17,39,78,86,120,155,245,254,296,308],"the":[18,35,47,57,94,102,144,156,184,188,192,203,209,223,226,229,246,255,258,263,268,280,284,297,313,316],"order":[19,157],"between":[20,89],"centimeters":[21],"and":[22,68,93,133,164,197,207,242,249,265,287,299],"millimeters.":[23],"In":[24,168,182],"this":[25,79,125],"context,":[26],"different":[27,64,90,104],"studies":[28,54],"have":[29,55,69],"carried":[31],"out":[32],"evaluate":[34],"performance":[36,58,175,231,295],"of":[37,59,63,84,127,158,239,257,315],"PPP":[38,75,97,122,131,137,166,171,180,213,261,290],"static":[40,87,121,309],"mode":[41,88,310],"as":[42],"possible":[44,151],"alternative":[45],"relative":[48],"method.":[49],"However,":[50],"only":[51],"few":[53],"evaluated":[56],"large":[61],"number":[62],"open-source":[65,91,130,162,205,224,285],"software":[66,92,132,163,206,286],"programs":[67],"focused":[70],"extensively":[71],"on":[72],"online":[73,95,135,165,170,211,259,288],"free":[74,96,136,212,260,289],"services.":[76,167],"Therefore,":[77],"paper,":[80],"comprehensive":[82],"comparison":[83],"processing":[85,145],"services":[98,138,172,214,291],"developed.":[100],"For":[101],"evaluation,":[103],"GNSS":[105,112],"observation":[106],"files":[107],"collected":[108],"at":[109],"45":[110],"International":[111],"Service":[113],"(IGS)":[114],"stations":[115],"distributed":[116],"worldwide":[117],"were":[118,139],"processed":[119],"mode.":[123],"Within":[124],"frame":[126],"reference,":[128],"ten":[129,204],"five":[134,210],"studied.":[140],"The":[141],"results":[142,185],"from":[143],"strategy":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"it":[149],"precision":[154,218],"millimeters":[159],"with":[160,232,272],"both":[161,304],"addition,":[169],"experienced":[173,292],"better":[174],"than":[176,276],"some":[177,220],"other":[178],"specialized":[179],"software.":[181],"summary,":[183],"show":[186],"daily":[189],"solutions":[190],"for":[191,219,279],"E":[193],"(East),":[194],"N":[195],"(North),":[196],"U":[198,250],"(Up)":[199],"components":[200],"estimated":[201],"by":[202,208],"can":[215,305],"reach":[216],"millimeter":[217],"stations.":[221],"Among":[222],"software,":[225],"PRIDE-PPPAR":[227],"presented":[228],"best":[230],"Root":[234],"Mean":[235],"Square":[236],"Error":[237],"(RMSE)":[238],"5.52,":[240],"5.40,":[241],"6.79":[243],"mm":[244,278],"E,":[247],"N,":[248],"components,":[251,301],"respectively.":[252],"Alternatively,":[253],"case":[256],"services,":[262],"APPS":[264],"CSRS-PPP":[266],"produced":[267],"most":[269],"accurate":[270],"results,":[271],"RMSE":[273],"values":[274],"less":[275],"12":[277],"three":[281],"components.":[282],"Finally,":[283],"similar":[293],"horizontal":[298],"vertical":[300],"demonstrating":[302],"be":[306],"implemented":[307],"without":[311],"compromising":[312],"accuracy":[314],"measurement.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-04-13T00:00:00"}
