{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4364374126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009","title":"Analysis of Spatial\u2013Temporal Variability of PM2.5 Concentrations Using Optical Satellite Images and Geographic Information System","display_name":"Analysis of Spatial\u2013Temporal Variability of PM2.5 Concentrations Using Optical Satellite Images and Geographic Information System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4364374126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2009/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2009/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017203487","display_name":"Dewinta Heriza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-6316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewinta Heriza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047886124","display_name":"Chih\u2010Da Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-7937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Da Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088953394","display_name":"Muhammad Aldila Syariz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166843116","display_name":"Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kbmmt89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aldila Syariz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056190602","display_name":"Chao\u2010Hung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-8794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Hung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056190602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6216,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64269242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"2009","last_page":"2009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7901760339736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6997393369674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6771294474601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5703710317611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5682885646820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5348986387252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.5241491794586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5065070390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4438866674900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4385482668876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-pattern-recognition","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","score":0.4166228175163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.2679113745689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22227388620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.140579491853714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08430805802345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07993680238723755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7901760339736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6997393369674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6771294474601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5703710317611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5682885646820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5348986387252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.5241491794586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5065070390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4438866674900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4385482668876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104541649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935090","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","level":3,"score":0.4166228175163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2679113745689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22227388620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.140579491853714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08430805802345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07993680238723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2009/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e97abb6d55b2492582fdec20364d8ef5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e97abb6d55b2492582fdec20364d8ef5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 2009 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/8/2009/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 2009","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15082009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/2009/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8198395986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2121-M-006-012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4364374126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4364374126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W325871496","https://openalex.org/W842822315","https://openalex.org/W1736698743","https://openalex.org/W1980952169","https://openalex.org/W1991350060","https://openalex.org/W2006983345","https://openalex.org/W2014888330","https://openalex.org/W2024355140","https://openalex.org/W2033165884","https://openalex.org/W2053255375","https://openalex.org/W2056820667","https://openalex.org/W2066544083","https://openalex.org/W2078086811","https://openalex.org/W2098637521","https://openalex.org/W2112964831","https://openalex.org/W2130232319","https://openalex.org/W2165430659","https://openalex.org/W2289128632","https://openalex.org/W2299984158","https://openalex.org/W2345203227","https://openalex.org/W2531213996","https://openalex.org/W2588050314","https://openalex.org/W2883931985","https://openalex.org/W2948514261","https://openalex.org/W2954744300","https://openalex.org/W3007246056","https://openalex.org/W3018413532","https://openalex.org/W3022129707","https://openalex.org/W6696332616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128126485","https://openalex.org/W1995889410","https://openalex.org/W4382563209","https://openalex.org/W2124952510","https://openalex.org/W1752760603","https://openalex.org/W2777937183","https://openalex.org/W2108633818","https://openalex.org/W1517037119","https://openalex.org/W2138664739","https://openalex.org/W4389779246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particulate":[0],"matter":[1],"less":[2],"than":[3],"2.5":[4],"microns":[5],"in":[6,44,52,152],"diameter":[7],"(PM2.5)":[8],"is":[9],"an":[10,157],"air":[11,29],"pollutant":[12],"that":[13,170],"has":[14],"become":[15],"a":[16,79,122,179,195,211],"major":[17],"environmental":[18],"concern":[19],"for":[20,206,222],"governments":[21],"around":[22],"the":[23,41,62,101,110,117,136,171,175,192],"world.":[24],"Management":[25],"and":[26,32,48,91,100,105,128,148,162,174,186,202,210,218],"control":[27],"require":[28],"quality":[30],"monitoring":[31],"prediction.":[33],"However,":[34],"previous":[35],"studies":[36],"did":[37],"not":[38,68],"fully":[39],"utilize":[40],"spectral":[42,92],"information":[43,67,93],"multispectral":[45,149],"satellite":[46,76,95,150],"images":[47,77,96],"land":[49,65,88,137],"use":[50,66,89],"data":[51,90],"geographic":[53,71,104,147,161,223],"datasets.":[54,224],"To":[55],"alleviate":[56],"these":[57],"problems,":[58],"this":[59,84],"study":[60],"proposes":[61],"extraction":[63],"of":[64,103,112,181,197,213],"only":[69],"from":[70,75,94,146],"inventory":[72],"but":[73],"also":[74],"with":[78,121,156,178,194],"machine":[80],"learning-based":[81],"classification.":[82,139],"In":[83,116],"manner,":[85],"near":[86],"up-to-date":[87],"can":[97],"be":[98],"utilized,":[99],"integration":[102],"remote":[106,163,207],"sensing":[107,164,208],"datasets":[108,151,209],"boosts":[109],"accuracy":[111],"PM2.5":[113],"concentration":[114],"modeling.":[115],"experiments,":[118],"Landsat-8":[119],"imagery":[120],"30-m":[123],"spatial":[124],"resolution":[125],"was":[126,132,154],"used,":[127],"cloud-free":[129],"image":[130],"generation":[131],"performed":[133],"prior":[134],"to":[135],"cover":[138],"The":[140],"proposed":[141,172],"method,":[142],"which":[143,159],"uses":[144],"predictors":[145],"modeling,":[153],"compared":[155],"approach":[158],"utilizes":[160],"datasets,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Quantitative":[167],"assessments":[168],"showed":[169],"method":[173],"developed":[176],"model,":[177],"performance":[180,196,212],"RMSE":[182,198,214],"=":[183,188,199,204,215,220],"3.06":[184],"\u00b5g/m3":[185,201,217],"R2":[187,203,219],"0.85":[189],"comparatively":[190],"outperform":[191],"models":[193],"3.14":[200],"0.68":[205],"3.47":[216],"0.79":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}