{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362699262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956","title":"On Evaluating the Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature Using Entropy","display_name":"On Evaluating the Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature Using Entropy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362699262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15081956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1956/pdf?version=1680850692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1956/pdf?version=1680850692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086122487","display_name":"Chang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-0415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103247827","display_name":"Han Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-964X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012864002","display_name":"Hanchen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanchen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023712282","display_name":"Wengen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wengen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086316879","display_name":"Jihong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023712282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7535579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"1956","last_page":"1956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.9889755249023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.792391300201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.7434449195861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6547860503196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37092363834381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18032702803611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13247627019882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12367138266563416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.9889755249023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.792391300201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.7434449195861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6547860503196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37092363834381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18032702803611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13247627019882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12367138266563416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15081956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1956/pdf?version=1680850692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f2ce4f9d58448ce97795359f9f5d6da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f2ce4f9d58448ce97795359f9f5d6da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 1956 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/8/1956/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 8; Pages: 1956","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15081956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081956","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1956/pdf?version=1680850692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2001245161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC3300300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210525227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U1936205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2335990779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3203525169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 62202336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5242584653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZD-21-202101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6068115403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIPL201909","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6705365387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7496205926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC3300300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8050651220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8087933671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZD-21-202101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362699262.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555022630","https://openalex.org/W1578063769","https://openalex.org/W1977792787","https://openalex.org/W1987228002","https://openalex.org/W1989872308","https://openalex.org/W1995572112","https://openalex.org/W2021057500","https://openalex.org/W2024877464","https://openalex.org/W2033930722","https://openalex.org/W2046752641","https://openalex.org/W2136690787","https://openalex.org/W2173296550","https://openalex.org/W2553458108","https://openalex.org/W2567070169","https://openalex.org/W2584174354","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2783888684","https://openalex.org/W2891103621","https://openalex.org/W2964858211","https://openalex.org/W2979178548","https://openalex.org/W3022238508","https://openalex.org/W3072469235","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3107200375","https://openalex.org/W3127905397","https://openalex.org/W3161943052","https://openalex.org/W3176324122","https://openalex.org/W3202571154","https://openalex.org/W4280652825","https://openalex.org/W4290755531","https://openalex.org/W4296106872","https://openalex.org/W4312495490","https://openalex.org/W4313045610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390037416","https://openalex.org/W2767613405","https://openalex.org/W2118993524","https://openalex.org/W2094461930","https://openalex.org/W1595219871","https://openalex.org/W4362699262","https://openalex.org/W4388043618","https://openalex.org/W4390907339","https://openalex.org/W3081257409","https://openalex.org/W2020822748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0,240],"surface":[1],"temperature":[2],"(SST)":[3],"has":[4],"important":[5],"impacts":[6,266],"on":[7,267],"the":[8,17,20,32,40,56,74,98,109,116,126,137,140,148,150,155,168,184,188,192,211,214,223,227,237,242,268],"global":[9,81,256],"ecology,":[10],"and":[11,35,38,42,83,87,135,157,174,180,183,241,250,260],"having":[12],"a":[13,69],"good":[14],"understanding":[15],"of":[16,22,26,44,61,76,100,111,119,129,139,142,167,187,213,247,270],"predictability,":[18],"i.e.,":[19],"possibility":[21],"achieving":[23],"accurate":[24],"prediction,":[25],"SST":[27,45,53,77,89,112,130,143,151,164,189,206,224,248],"can":[28],"help":[29],"us":[30],"monitor":[31],"marine":[33],"environment":[34],"climate":[36],"change,":[37],"guide":[39],"selection":[41],"design":[43],"prediction":[46,90,201,207],"methods.":[47],"However,":[48],"existing":[49],"studies":[50],"for":[51,131],"analyzing":[52,136],"mostly":[54],"measure":[55],"rising":[57],"or":[58],"falling":[59],"trends":[60],"SST.":[62,271],"To":[63],"address":[64],"this":[65],"issue,":[66],"we":[67,107,220],"introduce":[68],"temporal-correlated":[70],"entropy":[71],"to":[72,96,147],"quantify":[73],"predictability":[75,102,113,128,141,152,165,190,215,225,249,269],"series":[78],"from":[79],"both":[80],"coarse-grained":[82],"local":[84,194],"fine-grained":[85],"aspects,":[86],"make":[88],"with":[91,199],"multiple":[92,204],"deep":[93],"learning":[94],"models":[95],"prove":[97],"effectiveness":[99],"such":[101],"evaluation":[103,216],"method.":[104,217],"In":[105,218],"addition,":[106,219],"explore":[108],"dynamics":[110],"by":[114],"dividing":[115],"time":[117,123,133,234],"range":[118],"interest":[120],"into":[121],"consecutive":[122],"periods,":[124],"evaluating":[125],"corresponding":[127],"each":[132],"period,":[134],"stability":[138],"over":[144,233],"time.":[145],"According":[146],"experiments,":[149],"values":[153,166],"near":[154],"poles":[156],"equator":[158],"are":[159,177],"really":[160],"high.":[161],"The":[162,245],"average":[163],"East":[169,238],"China":[170,239],"Sea,":[171,173],"Bohai":[172,243],"Antarctic":[175,228],"Ocean":[176,229],"0.719,":[178],"0.706,":[179],"0.886,":[181],"respectively,":[182],"size":[185],"relationship":[186],"in":[191,226,236],"three":[193],"sea":[195],"areas":[196],"is":[197],"consistent":[198],"our":[200],"results":[202,246],"using":[203],"representative":[205],"methods,":[208],"which":[209],"corroborates":[210],"reliability":[212],"found":[221],"that":[222,255],"changes":[230],"more":[231],"dramatically":[232],"than":[235],"Sea.":[244],"its":[251],"dynamic":[252],"analysis":[253],"indicate":[254],"warming,":[257],"ocean":[258],"currents,":[259],"human":[261],"activities":[262],"all":[263],"have":[264],"significant":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}