{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362699266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955","title":"GF-1/6 Satellite Pixel-by-Pixel Quality Tagging Algorithm","display_name":"GF-1/6 Satellite Pixel-by-Pixel Quality Tagging Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362699266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1955/pdf?version=1680789141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1955/pdf?version=1680789141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101733398","display_name":"Xin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015625537","display_name":"Hao Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-6189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040034589","display_name":"Lianzhi Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-6453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianzhi Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101596162","display_name":"Changmiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changmiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101596162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6261,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64693719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1955","last_page":"1955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7624161243438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6465445756912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6397074460983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6302963495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5779792666435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.54671311378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.44853949546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation-satellite","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","score":0.4336383044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35004526376724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2986297607421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11324328184127808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7624161243438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6465445756912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6397074460983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6302963495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5779792666435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.54671311378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.44853949546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987528665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854845","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","level":3,"score":0.4336383044719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35004526376724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2986297607421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11324328184127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1955/pdf?version=1680789141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:853145570ce44233b11e00a4dc9ef16a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/853145570ce44233b11e00a4dc9ef16a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1955 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1955","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1955/pdf?version=1680789141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1356514951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3073655818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6738218055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8476189798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0197800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G941848927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0197800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362699266.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1976978666","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2166251851","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2564755587","https://openalex.org/W2584156879","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2734629852","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2907158154","https://openalex.org/W2923782278","https://openalex.org/W2946072066","https://openalex.org/W2950314938","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2996137214","https://openalex.org/W3037529526","https://openalex.org/W3037957586","https://openalex.org/W3096527721","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3196078144","https://openalex.org/W3200379731","https://openalex.org/W4206303357","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4403562745","https://openalex.org/W6640054144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912352969","https://openalex.org/W2053009102","https://openalex.org/W2041751586","https://openalex.org/W3210344541","https://openalex.org/W1996736617","https://openalex.org/W2139856717","https://openalex.org/W1977563694","https://openalex.org/W2053804748","https://openalex.org/W2027607325","https://openalex.org/W2343099246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Landsat":[1],"and":[2,39,47,140,147],"Sentinel":[3],"series":[4],"satellites":[5],"contain":[6,29],"their":[7],"own":[8],"quality":[9,82,119,152],"tagging":[10,83,153],"data":[11,26,84],"products,":[12,85],"marking":[13],"the":[14,43,51,107,124,129,141,157,160],"source":[15],"image":[16,97,118],"pixel":[17,19],"by":[18],"with":[20,111,134],"several":[21],"specific":[22],"semantic":[23],"categories.":[24],"These":[25],"products":[27],"generally":[28],"categories":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"cloud,":[33],"cloud":[34,55,146],"shadow,":[35],"land,":[36],"water":[37],"body,":[38],"snow.":[40,74],"Due":[41],"to":[42,70,77],"lack":[44],"of":[45,53,93,131,159],"mid-wave":[46],"thermal":[48],"infrared":[49],"bands,":[50],"accuracy":[52,127],"traditional":[54],"detection":[56],"algorithm":[57,154],"is":[58,68],"unstable":[59],"when":[60],"facing":[61],"Chinese":[62],"Gaofen-1/6":[63],"(GF-1/6)":[64],"data.":[65,103],"Moreover,":[66],"it":[67],"challenging":[69],"distinguish":[71,144],"clouds":[72],"from":[73],"In":[75],"order":[76],"produce":[78],"GF-1/6":[79,116,151],"satellite":[80,102,117],"pixel-by-pixel":[81],"this":[86],"paper":[87],"builds":[88],"a":[89,112],"training":[90,138],"sample":[91],"set":[92],"more":[94,135],"than":[95,136],"100,000":[96],"pairs,":[98],"primarily":[99],"using":[100],"Sentinel-2":[101],"Then,":[104],"we":[105],"adopt":[106],"Swin":[108],"Transformer":[109],"model":[110,142],"self-attention":[113],"mechanism":[114],"for":[115,167],"tagging.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123],"model\u2019s":[125],"overall":[126],"reaches":[128],"level":[130],"Fmask":[132],"v4.6":[133],"10,000":[137],"samples,":[139],"can":[143,155],"between":[145],"snow":[148],"correctly.":[149],"Our":[150],"meet":[156],"requirements":[158],"\u201cAnalysis":[161],"Ready":[162],"Data":[163],"(ARD)":[164],"Technology":[165],"Research":[166],"Domestic":[168],"Satellite\u201d":[169],"project.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}