{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362638326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937","title":"Space Target Material Identification Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Space Target Material Identification Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362638326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1937/pdf?version=1680607156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1937/pdf?version=1680607156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368228","display_name":"Na Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-3330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021205779","display_name":"Chengeng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5846-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengeng Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China; School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China; School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030154270","display_name":"Huijun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huijie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720810","display_name":"Yun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-0761"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030154270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77915688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1937","last_page":"1937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6856967210769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.678006649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6778806447982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6627393364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5893974304199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.577265202999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5557973980903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.49495571851730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4878118336200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4449632465839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43000686168670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16316905617713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.0792468786239624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6856967210769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.678006649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6778806447982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6627393364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5893974304199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.577265202999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5557973980903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.49495571851730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4878118336200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4449632465839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43000686168670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16316905617713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0792468786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1937/pdf?version=1680607156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61018e8c01a84e5f980205f10bf92982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61018e8c01a84e5f980205f10bf92982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1937 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1937/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1937","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1937/pdf?version=1680607156","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1850275409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362638326.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1582735701","https://openalex.org/W1622911550","https://openalex.org/W1966184253","https://openalex.org/W1982603306","https://openalex.org/W2016021747","https://openalex.org/W2018257962","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2155761353","https://openalex.org/W2411211484","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2511347204","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2592863845","https://openalex.org/W2763113937","https://openalex.org/W2765225798","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2792396111","https://openalex.org/W2892621946","https://openalex.org/W2955589003","https://openalex.org/W2963755276","https://openalex.org/W2964054038","https://openalex.org/W2984029766","https://openalex.org/W2988266462","https://openalex.org/W2991494819","https://openalex.org/W2997288566","https://openalex.org/W3005414792","https://openalex.org/W3028306149","https://openalex.org/W3041916242","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048029844","https://openalex.org/W3092068882","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3118938573","https://openalex.org/W3132524115","https://openalex.org/W3186879605","https://openalex.org/W3196410189","https://openalex.org/W3207834825","https://openalex.org/W3208645119","https://openalex.org/W3214445552","https://openalex.org/W4213458708","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4256669726","https://openalex.org/W4281633835","https://openalex.org/W4291652931","https://openalex.org/W4293731866","https://openalex.org/W4296240311","https://openalex.org/W4312647976","https://openalex.org/W4313627848","https://openalex.org/W4380446773","https://openalex.org/W6745625174","https://openalex.org/W6800799079","https://openalex.org/W6842013573","https://openalex.org/W6842590485","https://openalex.org/W6843114099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373577936","https://openalex.org/W4221148444","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W4387678054","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2389596151","https://openalex.org/W3095575180","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W2060875994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"complex":[1,202],"illumination":[2,203],"conditions,":[3],"the":[4,15,19,61,66,72,83,96,100,120,127,148,153,159,163,167,170,174,192,197],"spectral":[5,32,88,105],"data":[6,165],"distributions":[7],"of":[8,18,71,90,117,141,173],"a":[9,42],"given":[10],"material":[11,28,43,111,198],"appear":[12],"inconsistent":[13],"in":[14],"hyperspectral":[16,62],"images":[17,63],"space":[20,73],"target,":[21],"making":[22],"it":[23],"difficult":[24],"to":[25,64,109,155],"achieve":[26],"accurate":[27],"identification":[29,44,112,199],"using":[30,139],"only":[31],"features":[33,86,89,103,106],"and":[34,87,95,104,126,147,157,166,182,208],"local":[35,101],"spatial":[36,85,102],"features.":[37,161],"Aiming":[38],"at":[39,180],"this":[40],"problem,":[41],"method":[45,176,194],"based":[46],"on":[47,60,78],"an":[48],"improved":[49],"graph":[50,70,121],"convolutional":[51,122,129],"neural":[52,123,130],"network":[53,124,131],"is":[54,58,150],"proposed.":[55],"Superpixel":[56],"segmentation":[57],"conducted":[59],"build":[65],"multiscale":[67],"joint":[68],"topological":[69,80],"target":[74],"global":[75,84],"structure.":[76],"Based":[77],"this,":[79],"graphs":[81],"containing":[82,99],"each":[91],"pixel":[92,97],"are":[93,107,134],"generated,":[94],"neighborhoods":[98],"collected":[108],"form":[110],"datasets":[113,154],"that":[114,191],"include":[115],"both":[116],"these.":[118],"Then,":[119],"(GCN)":[125],"three-dimensional":[128],"(3-D":[132],"CNN)":[133],"combined":[135],"into":[136],"one":[137],"model":[138,149],"strategies":[140],"addition,":[142],"element-wise":[143],"multiplication,":[144],"or":[145],"concatenation,":[146],"trained":[151],"by":[152],"fuse":[156],"learn":[158],"three":[160],"For":[162],"simulated":[164],"measured":[168],"data,":[169],"overall":[171],"accuracy":[172,207],"proposed":[175,193],"can":[177,195],"be":[178],"kept":[179],"85\u201390%,":[181],"their":[183],"kappa":[184],"coefficients":[185],"remain":[186],"around":[187],"0.8.":[188],"This":[189],"proves":[190],"improve":[196],"performance":[200],"under":[201],"conditions":[204],"with":[205],"high":[206],"strong":[209],"robustness.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2023-04-07T00:00:00"}
