{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361281635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831","title":"A Real-Time Linear Prediction Algorithm for Detecting Abnormal BDS-2/BDS-3 Satellite Clock Offsets","display_name":"A Real-Time Linear Prediction Algorithm for Detecting Abnormal BDS-2/BDS-3 Satellite Clock Offsets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361281635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1831/pdf?version=1680098576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1831/pdf?version=1680098576","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028675663","display_name":"Yaping Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-7355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445722","display_name":"Guo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-6568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069183290","display_name":"Wenju Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenju Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107678652","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5027-5797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014169298","display_name":"Liangliang Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangliang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003329229","display_name":"Tong Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072807193","display_name":"Dongdong Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069183290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92520403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1831","last_page":"1831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6651087403297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6101910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.554216742515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5296230912208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5033902525901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beidou-navigation-satellite-system","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","score":0.46265608072280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.4261326789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.4189627170562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.4120499789714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20179754495620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.1967020034790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.13772261142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08478313684463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08323916792869568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651087403297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6101910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.554216742515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5296230912208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5033902525901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777783341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857141","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","level":4,"score":0.46265608072280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.4261326789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4189627170562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.4120499789714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20179754495620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.1967020034790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.13772261142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08478313684463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08323916792869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1831/pdf?version=1680098576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45c3e78b05904cc68ec9ddae7c3cbf50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45c3e78b05904cc68ec9ddae7c3cbf50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1831 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1831/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1831","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1831/pdf?version=1680098576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1080539696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535755245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M662713","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361281635.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892122888","https://openalex.org/W1967164663","https://openalex.org/W1988924604","https://openalex.org/W1990832431","https://openalex.org/W2006749283","https://openalex.org/W2033831684","https://openalex.org/W2034170362","https://openalex.org/W2058597816","https://openalex.org/W2089740677","https://openalex.org/W2097832835","https://openalex.org/W2271349937","https://openalex.org/W2752728973","https://openalex.org/W2770145455","https://openalex.org/W2795427053","https://openalex.org/W2969764800","https://openalex.org/W3142408675","https://openalex.org/W3168034038","https://openalex.org/W3172248582","https://openalex.org/W3197470416","https://openalex.org/W3197559750","https://openalex.org/W4310071949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W2946096271","https://openalex.org/W2295423552","https://openalex.org/W3107369729","https://openalex.org/W3160767232","https://openalex.org/W1976838722","https://openalex.org/W3166331650","https://openalex.org/W2252756014","https://openalex.org/W3169063539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,34,61,87,189],"space":[2],"environment":[3],"interference,":[4],"imperfect":[5],"data":[6],"processing":[7],"model,":[8],"and":[9,38,49,56,113,121,130,150,153,198,221,227],"the":[10,54,71,82,89,95,111,116,123,126,131,142,154,164,169,172,177,195,201,209,215,224],"performance":[11,86,93,161],"of":[12,94,115,125,176,192],"atomic":[13],"clocks,":[14],"real-time":[15,28,50,77,104,178],"satellite":[16,106],"clock":[17,36,64,72,90,107,146,160,179,211],"products":[18],"often":[19],"contain":[20],"outliers":[21],"or":[22],"irregular":[23],"biases.":[24],"We":[25],"propose":[26],"a":[27,158],"linear":[29,118,155],"moving":[30,78,119],"short-term":[31,84],"prediction":[32,51,73,79,85,212],"algorithm":[33,43,96,143,213],"predict":[35],"offsets":[37,65,180],"detect":[39,62,145],"abnormalities.":[40],"The":[41,76,92,137,204],"proposed":[42,117,170,210],"mainly":[44],"includes":[45],"phase/frequency":[46],"anomaly":[47],"detection":[48],"part.":[52],"Both":[53],"phase":[55,151],"frequency":[57,148],"domains":[58],"are":[59,134,166],"used":[60],"abnormal":[63],"with":[66,103,168],"previous":[67],"epochs":[68],"for":[69,100,181],"building":[70],"model":[74,120,128,133,156,197],"accurately.":[75],"module":[80],"utilizes":[81],"high":[83],"check":[88],"abnormality.":[91],"is":[97,184],"then":[98],"evaluated":[99],"all":[101,182],"satellites":[102,183],"estimated":[105],"offsets.":[108],"To":[109],"verify":[110],"feasibility":[112],"effectiveness":[114],"algorithm,":[122,171],"results":[124,139,206],"grey":[127],"GM(1,1)":[129,196],"ARIMA":[132,202],"also":[135],"compared.":[136],"experimental":[138],"indicated":[140],"that":[141,208],"can":[144],"outliers,":[147],"modulation,":[149],"jumps,":[152],"has":[157],"better":[159],"improvement.":[162],"After":[163],"abnormalities":[165],"removed":[167],"average":[173],"STD":[174],"accuracy":[175,217],"improved":[185],"by":[186,194,200,218],"15.5%,":[187],"compared":[188],"an":[190],"improvement":[191],"11.4%":[193],"11.5%":[199],"model.":[203],"PPP":[205],"demonstrate":[207],"improves":[214],"positioning":[216],"8.1%,":[219],"13.3%,":[220],"16.9%":[222],"in":[223],"east,":[225],"north,":[226],"up":[228],"components,":[229],"respectively.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2023-03-31T00:00:00"}
