{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361281610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","title":"Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field","display_name":"Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361281610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1817/pdf?version=1680078138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1817/pdf?version=1680078138","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062108574","display_name":"Monica F. Danilevicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-8184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica F. Danilevicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-8184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063380710","display_name":"Roberto Lujan Rocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Lujan Rocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086358262","display_name":"Jacqueline Batley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Batley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-5824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030212578","display_name":"Philipp E. Bayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-3067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140292","display_name":"Walk Free Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h20ca94","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154033","display_name":"Minderoo Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0289t9g81","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154033"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp E. Bayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-3067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140292","https://openalex.org/I4387154033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009750573","display_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016277624","display_name":"David Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-6760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-6760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001958749","display_name":"Michael B. Ashworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-7404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Ashworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016277624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78930914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1817","last_page":"1817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13220","display_name":"Plant and Fungal Interactions Research","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupinus-angustifolius","display_name":"Lupinus angustifolius","score":0.816234827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.608868420124054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.5859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-pea","display_name":"Field pea","score":0.5545677542686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.5122141242027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupinus","display_name":"Lupinus","score":0.4270133078098297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779796875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164148","display_name":"Lupinus angustifolius","level":2,"score":0.816234827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.608868420124054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777638260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61947313","display_name":"Field pea","level":3,"score":0.5545677542686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5122141242027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156811","display_name":"Lupinus","level":2,"score":0.4270133078098297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1817/pdf?version=1680078138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/cf62d65f-052c-43ce-b6c2-065405e3e85f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/cf62d65f-052c-43ce-b6c2-065405e3e85f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Danilevicz, M F, Rocha, R L, Batley, J, Bayer, P E, Bennamoun, M, Edwards, D & Ashworth, M B 2023, 'Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field', Remote Sensing, vol. 15, no. 7, 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/cf62d65f-052c-43ce-b6c2-065405e3e85f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/cf62d65f-052c-43ce-b6c2-065405e3e85f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Danilevicz , M F , Rocha , R L , Batley , J , Bayer , P E , Bennamoun , M , Edwards , D &amp; Ashworth , M B 2023 , ' Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field ' , Remote Sensing , vol. 15 , no. 7 , 1817 . https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ed7bfb59ece4eb082c76a498dbff4d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ed7bfb59ece4eb082c76a498dbff4d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1817 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1817/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1817","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1817/pdf?version=1680078138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1470858735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP210100296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2894507909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP200100762","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4100456764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UWA2007-002RTX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320420","funder_display_name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G416449190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE210100398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7044487529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9177591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320420","funder_display_name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8607390655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9177539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320420","funder_display_name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316029","display_name":"Forrest Research Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320420","display_name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xwr1996"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361281610.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125180904","https://openalex.org/W1200922351","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1972375394","https://openalex.org/W1982141954","https://openalex.org/W1983170204","https://openalex.org/W2006689065","https://openalex.org/W2011325105","https://openalex.org/W2028066318","https://openalex.org/W2043923118","https://openalex.org/W2068487606","https://openalex.org/W2075619662","https://openalex.org/W2093577038","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2160643782","https://openalex.org/W2161774355","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2330617951","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2503005088","https://openalex.org/W2550198355","https://openalex.org/W2613409207","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2767767563","https://openalex.org/W2809666330","https://openalex.org/W2886554959","https://openalex.org/W2908783980","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920674390","https://openalex.org/W2926464840","https://openalex.org/W2939018547","https://openalex.org/W2962595552","https://openalex.org/W2967632598","https://openalex.org/W2980753708","https://openalex.org/W3006436762","https://openalex.org/W3010677011","https://openalex.org/W3015566878","https://openalex.org/W3085500592","https://openalex.org/W3095889856","https://openalex.org/W3098350627","https://openalex.org/W3129084208","https://openalex.org/W3159472465","https://openalex.org/W3165807380","https://openalex.org/W3187026582","https://openalex.org/W3207463009","https://openalex.org/W3212868136","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6702396621","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2470339466","https://openalex.org/W4286914934","https://openalex.org/W2132021200","https://openalex.org/W3095618706","https://openalex.org/W2474453924","https://openalex.org/W1996988082","https://openalex.org/W2581776322","https://openalex.org/W68814046","https://openalex.org/W256988526","https://openalex.org/W2162491930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Narrow-leafed":[0],"lupin":[1,33,233,238],"(Lupinus":[2,34],"angustifolius)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,90,123,159],"important":[6],"dryland":[7],"crop,":[8],"providing":[9],"a":[10,50,77,152,182,201],"protein":[11],"source":[12],"in":[13,80,185,205,214],"global":[14],"grain":[15,84,239],"markets.":[16],"While":[17],"agronomic":[18],"practices":[19],"have":[20],"successfully":[21,48],"controlled":[22],"many":[23],"dicot":[24],"weeds":[25],"among":[26],"narrow-leafed":[27,61,141,237],"lupins,":[28],"the":[29,81,110,140,146,186,190,195,208,219],"closely":[30],"related":[31],"sandplain":[32,55,143,196,232],"cosentinii)":[35],"has":[36],"proven":[37],"difficult":[38],"to":[39,53,218],"control,":[40],"reducing":[41],"yield":[42,240],"and":[43,57,99,133,142,155,167,177,241],"harvest":[44],"quality.":[45,242],"Here,":[46],"we":[47],"trained":[49,71],"segmentation":[51],"model":[52,69,121,187,191],"detect":[54],"lupins":[56,62,144,197],"differentiate":[58],"them":[59],"from":[60,76,109],"under":[63],"field":[64,78],"conditions.":[65],"The":[66,102,119,211],"deep":[67],"learning":[68],"was":[70,104],"using":[72,89],"9171":[73],"images":[74,107],"collected":[75,88,115,150],"site":[79],"Western":[82],"Australian":[83],"belt.":[85],"Images":[86,149],"were":[87,114],"unoccupied":[91],"aerial":[92],"vehicle":[93],"at":[94,116,151,158],"heights":[95],"of":[96,126,131,136,194,221],"4,":[97],"10,":[98],"20":[100],"m.":[101,118],"dataset":[103],"supplemented":[105],"with":[106,200],"sourced":[108],"WeedAI":[111],"database,":[112],"which":[113],"1.5":[117],"resultant":[120],"had":[122,163],"average":[124],"precision":[125,166,222],"0.86,":[127],"intersection":[128],"over":[129],"union":[130],"0.60,":[132],"F1":[134],"score":[135],"0.70":[137],"for":[138,231],"segmenting":[139],"across":[145,207],"multiple":[147],"datasets.":[148,210],"closer":[153],"range":[154],"showing":[156],"plants":[157],"early":[160],"developmental":[161,179],"stage":[162],"significantly":[164],"higher":[165],"recall":[168],"scores":[169],"(p-value":[170],"&lt;":[171],"0.05),":[172],"indicating":[173],"image":[174],"collection":[175],"methods":[176],"plant":[178],"stages":[180],"play":[181],"substantial":[183],"role":[184],"performance.":[188],"Nonetheless,":[189],"identified":[192],"80.3%":[193],"on":[198],"average,":[199],"low":[202],"variation":[203],"(\u00b16.13%)":[204],"performance":[206],"5":[209],"results":[212],"presented":[213],"this":[215],"study":[216],"contribute":[217],"development":[220],"weed":[223],"management":[224],"systems":[225],"within":[226],"morphologically":[227],"similar":[228],"crops,":[229],"particularly":[230],"detection,":[234],"supporting":[235],"future":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
