{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360864202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739","title":"Comparative Analysis of Global and Regional Ionospheric Responses during Two Geomagnetic Storms on 3 and 4 February 2022","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Global and Regional Ionospheric Responses during Two Geomagnetic Storms on 3 and 4 February 2022","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360864202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1739/pdf?version=1679881501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1739/pdf?version=1679881501","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006239462","display_name":"Rumiana Bojilova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090733","display_name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/00gywet31","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210090733"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rumiana Bojilova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090733","https://openalex.org/I24768866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110700579","display_name":"Plamen Mukhtarov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090733","display_name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/00gywet31","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210090733"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Plamen Mukhtarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090733","https://openalex.org/I24768866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006239462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210090733"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91038789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1739","last_page":"1739"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.8521835803985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.8059595823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6788182258605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6221768856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.6024624705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.5805485248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equator","display_name":"Equator","score":0.4690943956375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44065025448799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.4354246258735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.4300980269908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.410851389169693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.40214240550994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.383637011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"Electron density","score":0.3026806712150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.2756654620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2734284996986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.21028733253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19621899724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.12058314681053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.10549139976501465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.8521835803985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.8059595823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6788182258605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6221768856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6024624705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.5805485248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12980444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23538","display_name":"Equator","level":3,"score":0.4690943956375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44065025448799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.4354246258735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.4300980269908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.410851389169693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.40214240550994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.383637011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.3026806712150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.2756654620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2734284996986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.21028733253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19621899724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.12058314681053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.10549139976501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1739/pdf?version=1679881501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bpos.bg:54607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055231","display_name":"Bulgarian Portal for Open Science","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae5795e97f4848579e56f7077b560ee2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae5795e97f4848579e56f7077b560ee2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1739 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1739/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1739","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071739","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1739/pdf?version=1679881501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6870533126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360864202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360864202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480548641","https://openalex.org/W1907127744","https://openalex.org/W1970932778","https://openalex.org/W1972326315","https://openalex.org/W1976050921","https://openalex.org/W1979155276","https://openalex.org/W1986811799","https://openalex.org/W1992491870","https://openalex.org/W1996859389","https://openalex.org/W1997803222","https://openalex.org/W1998983070","https://openalex.org/W2012275826","https://openalex.org/W2017180482","https://openalex.org/W2021249283","https://openalex.org/W2022170612","https://openalex.org/W2026339618","https://openalex.org/W2037269006","https://openalex.org/W2038641920","https://openalex.org/W2039007709","https://openalex.org/W2040957508","https://openalex.org/W2044621487","https://openalex.org/W2048867375","https://openalex.org/W2054284592","https://openalex.org/W2062831941","https://openalex.org/W2070349387","https://openalex.org/W2070837423","https://openalex.org/W2073606262","https://openalex.org/W2083546724","https://openalex.org/W2085101070","https://openalex.org/W2089302478","https://openalex.org/W2095465664","https://openalex.org/W2113718146","https://openalex.org/W2130167920","https://openalex.org/W2131156851","https://openalex.org/W2139172392","https://openalex.org/W2146933273","https://openalex.org/W2148341871","https://openalex.org/W2149844370","https://openalex.org/W2150374175","https://openalex.org/W2153382352","https://openalex.org/W2212609344","https://openalex.org/W2345247257","https://openalex.org/W2415615750","https://openalex.org/W2497315665","https://openalex.org/W2586804459","https://openalex.org/W2618358738","https://openalex.org/W2756048188","https://openalex.org/W2768494401","https://openalex.org/W2788623430","https://openalex.org/W2800973110","https://openalex.org/W2959861974","https://openalex.org/W2990229927","https://openalex.org/W2993941761","https://openalex.org/W3022758548","https://openalex.org/W3104446864","https://openalex.org/W3153368780","https://openalex.org/W4200526509","https://openalex.org/W4206336151","https://openalex.org/W4226139397","https://openalex.org/W4232337985","https://openalex.org/W4251616996","https://openalex.org/W4318052986","https://openalex.org/W6806298665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1248628229","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2539046041","https://openalex.org/W2050546935","https://openalex.org/W2016143558","https://openalex.org/W2288501533","https://openalex.org/W2003997947","https://openalex.org/W2898360191","https://openalex.org/W2568906212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,176],"present":[1,70],"work":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,16,23,27,52,69,72,93,97,102,105,108,113,117,123,128,133,139,142,146,149,167,183,187,191,194,206,209,214,217],"spatial":[5],"and":[6,11,18,35,40,62,76,80,137,212],"temporal":[7],"distribution":[8],"of":[9,26,54,74,92,96,104,107,130,132,148,161,163,193,196,208],"positive":[10,75],"negative":[12,77],"TEC":[13,36,55,78],"anomalies":[14,79],"on":[15,60,166,216],"global":[17],"regional":[19],"scale.":[20],"To":[21],"study":[22],"local":[24],"response":[25,56],"ionosphere,":[28],"foF2":[29],"data":[30,37],"from":[31,38,116,186],"ground":[32],"ionosonde":[33],"stations":[34],"Madrigal":[39],"CODE":[41],"databases":[42],"have":[43],"been":[44],"used.":[45],"relative":[47],"deviation,":[48],"which":[49,127,145,159],"also":[50],"determines":[51],"type":[53],"during":[57,83],"geomagnetic":[58,164],"storms":[59,84,165],"3":[61],"4":[63],"February":[64],"2022,":[65],"is":[66,120,171],"considered.":[67],"In":[68],"study,":[71,94],"regions":[73],"their":[81],"evolution":[82],"are":[85,180],"examined":[86],"in":[87,111,126,144,173],"detail.":[88],"As":[89],"a":[90],"result":[91],"estimates":[95],"following":[98,177],"were":[99],"obtained:":[100],"(i)":[101],"location":[103],"sectors":[106],"polar":[109],"regions,":[110,125],"where":[112],"particle":[114],"precipitation":[115],"solar":[118],"wind":[119],"observed,":[121],"(ii)":[122],"mid-latitude":[124],"mechanism":[129,160],"influence":[131,147,162,215],"O/N2":[134],"ratio":[135,195],"dominates,":[136],"(iii)":[138],"region":[140],"around":[141],"equator,":[143],"electric":[150],"field":[151],"dominates.":[152],"An":[153],"attempt":[154],"was":[155],"made":[156],"to":[157,200,205],"determine":[158],"ionospheric":[168,219],"electron":[169],"density":[170],"dominant":[172],"different":[174],"regions.":[175],"main":[178],"mechanisms":[179],"considered:":[181],"(a)":[182],"additional":[184],"ionization":[185],"particles\u2019":[188],"precipitation,":[189],"(b)":[190],"change":[192],"atomic":[197],"oxygen":[198],"(O)":[199],"molecular":[201],"nitrogen":[202],"(N2)":[203],"due":[204],"heating":[207],"neutral":[210],"air,":[211],"(c)":[213],"equatorial":[218],"anomaly.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2023-03-25T00:00:00"}