{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327737053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617","title":"Exploring the Potential of vis-NIR Spectroscopy as a Covariate in Soil Organic Matter Mapping","display_name":"Exploring the Potential of vis-NIR Spectroscopy as a Covariate in Soil Organic Matter Mapping","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327737053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1617/pdf?version=1678968451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1617/pdf?version=1678968451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053963852","display_name":"Meihua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039277","display_name":"Yuzhang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqkaa34","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039277"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meihua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Management, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Management, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080056117","display_name":"Songchao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-0482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songchao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102845649","display_name":"Guo Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74837319","display_name":"Jiangxi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dc7s858","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74837319"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74837319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108053049","display_name":"Zhou Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-5402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027945","display_name":"Xiaomin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-1585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74837319","display_name":"Jiangxi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dc7s858","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74837319"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74837319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102027945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74837319"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75577968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"1617","last_page":"1617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate","display_name":"Covariate","score":0.7513346672058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.7002744674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.691197395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.5833468437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5371817350387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.4899267554283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45704561471939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.44843006134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4261012077331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-matter","display_name":"Soil organic matter","score":0.42594099044799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38759276270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3252226710319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.322569340467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3185698390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3062649965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2448611855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.20142975449562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.10466089844703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08651554584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08502361178398132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08181455731391907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.7513346672058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43571822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7002744674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.691197395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.5833468437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5371817350387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4899267554283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45704561471939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.44843006134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4261012077331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154759","display_name":"Soil organic matter","level":3,"score":0.42594099044799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38759276270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3252226710319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.322569340467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3185698390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3062649965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2448611855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.20142975449562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.10466089844703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08651554584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08502361178398132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08181455731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1617/pdf?version=1678968451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:716ce2cd281b462ea85baa36a861f27d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/716ce2cd281b462ea85baa36a861f27d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 1617 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/6/1617/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 1617","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1617/pdf?version=1678968451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327737053.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891744174","https://openalex.org/W2016090370","https://openalex.org/W2052903566","https://openalex.org/W2063544760","https://openalex.org/W2073503722","https://openalex.org/W2087261303","https://openalex.org/W2092532694","https://openalex.org/W2092601057","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2142405095","https://openalex.org/W2161313304","https://openalex.org/W2180277566","https://openalex.org/W2205945645","https://openalex.org/W2292439029","https://openalex.org/W2339666417","https://openalex.org/W2413017882","https://openalex.org/W2484762992","https://openalex.org/W2553974156","https://openalex.org/W2660965555","https://openalex.org/W2790000326","https://openalex.org/W2790417117","https://openalex.org/W2885372267","https://openalex.org/W2886392285","https://openalex.org/W2909099826","https://openalex.org/W2919315319","https://openalex.org/W2947744056","https://openalex.org/W2989423654","https://openalex.org/W3087957717","https://openalex.org/W3215367274","https://openalex.org/W4220830841","https://openalex.org/W4228998753","https://openalex.org/W4281930919","https://openalex.org/W4323671073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968523686","https://openalex.org/W2985746494","https://openalex.org/W4206042385","https://openalex.org/W2511384863","https://openalex.org/W2080773131","https://openalex.org/W2096089271","https://openalex.org/W4300066510","https://openalex.org/W2056958800","https://openalex.org/W4311388919","https://openalex.org/W68270263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"soil":[1,317,328,353],"organic":[2],"matter":[3],"(SOM)":[4],"mapping":[5,79,351],"is":[6,24,38],"required":[7],"by":[8,229],"farms,":[9],"but":[10],"their":[11],"generation":[12],"requires":[13],"a":[14,39,48,61,82,102,112,132,148,159,175,300,340],"large":[15],"number":[16],"of":[17,67,93,124,207,220,267,274,288,295,311,316,327,352],"samples":[18,100],"to":[19,63,76,202,304,343,347],"be":[20,337],"chemically":[21],"analyzed,":[22],"which":[23],"cost":[25,310],"prohibitive.":[26],"Recently,":[27],"research":[28],"has":[29],"shown":[30],"that":[31,242,333],"visible":[32],"and":[33,41,89,131,155,158,170,185,222,258,271,292],"near-infrared":[34],"(vis-NIR)":[35],"reflectance":[36],"spectroscopy":[37,59],"fast":[40],"accurate":[42],"technique":[43,342],"for":[44,106,115,136,146,195,233,264,285,314,324],"estimating":[45],"SOM":[46],"in":[47,251,322],"cost-effective":[49,341],"manner.":[50],"However,":[51],"few":[52],"studies":[53],"have":[54],"focused":[55],"on":[56],"using":[57,85,190,237,256,280],"vis-NIR":[58,94,118,163,179,191,193,208,244,281,334],"as":[60,181,212,246,283,339],"covariate":[62,92],"improve":[64,348],"the":[65,78,91,98,108,117,122,125,182,196,213,218,230,234,253,309],"accuracy":[66,80,226,255],"spatial":[68,83,325,350],"modeling.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"our":[73],"objective":[74],"was":[75,227],"compare":[77],"from":[81,121,153,168,172],"model":[84,129,302],"kriging":[86],"methods":[87],"with":[88,162,178,188,192],"without":[90,279],"spectroscopy.":[95],"We":[96,140],"split":[97],"261":[99],"into":[101],"calibration":[103,154,169],"set":[104,114,120,134,232],"(104)":[105],"building":[107],"spectral":[109,127],"predictive":[110,128],"model,":[111],"test":[113,156,173],"generating":[116],"augmented":[119,164,186,345],"prediction":[123],"fitted":[126],"(131),":[130],"validation":[133,231],"(26)":[135],"evaluating":[137],"map":[138,225,254],"accuracy.":[139],"used":[141,211,217,338],"two":[142],"datasets":[143,236],"(235":[144],"samples)":[145],"Kriging:":[147],"laboratory-based":[149,160,176],"dataset":[150,161,177,187],"(Ld,":[151],"observations":[152,167],"datasets)":[157],"predictions":[165,171,189],"(Au.p,":[166],"dataset),":[174],"spectra":[180,194,209,245,282,335],"covariance":[183,197],"(Ld.co)":[184],"(Au.p.co).":[198],"The":[199,224,239],"first":[200],"one":[201],"seven":[203],"accumulated":[204],"principal":[205],"components":[206],"were":[210,262],"covariates":[214,247,284],"when":[215],"we":[216,331],"measurement":[219],"Ld.co":[221],"Au.p.co.":[223],"evaluated":[228],"four":[235],"Kriging.":[238],"results":[240],"indicated":[241],"adding":[243],"had":[248],"great":[249],"potential":[250],"improving":[252],"kriging,":[257],"much":[259],"higher":[260],"accuracies":[261],"observed":[263],"Ld.p.co":[265],"(RMSE":[266,273,287,294],"5.51":[268],"g":[269,276,290,297],"kg\u22121)":[270,277,291],"Au.p.co":[272,306],"5.66":[275],"than":[278],"Ld":[286],"7.12":[289],"Au.p":[293],"7.69":[296],"kg\u22121).":[298],"With":[299],"similar":[301],"performance":[303],"Ld.p.co,":[305],"can":[307,336],"reduce":[308],"laboratory":[312],"analysis":[313],"60%":[315],"samples,":[318],"demonstrating":[319],"its":[320],"advantage":[321],"cost-efficiency":[323],"modeling":[326],"information.":[329,354],"Therefore,":[330],"conclude":[332],"obtain":[344],"data":[346],"fine-resolution":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2023-03-18T00:00:00"}
