{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324144610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567","title":"Trunk-Constrained and Tree Structure Analysis Method for Individual Tree Extraction from Scanned Outdoor Scenes","display_name":"Trunk-Constrained and Tree Structure Analysis Method for Individual Tree Extraction from Scanned Outdoor Scenes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324144610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1567/pdf?version=1678714431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1567/pdf?version=1678714431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103244893","display_name":"Xiaojuan Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082731031","display_name":"Yishu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0533-3329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046021663","display_name":"Yuanyuan Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047997045","display_name":"Zhiyong Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-4794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010131867","display_name":"Haiyan Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-4029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-4029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5 South of Jinhua Road, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087200320","display_name":"Zengbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149735164","display_name":"Hengyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006bvjm48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zengbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443382","display_name":"Yinghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 of Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 of Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087200320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83083345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"1567","last_page":"1567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7057475447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6844881772994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5832337141036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk","display_name":"Trunk","score":0.5646358728408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.49607500433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4811171889305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-ary-tree","display_name":"K-ary tree","score":0.46021735668182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44863951206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42850756645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29565179347991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.2138844132423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21322640776634216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7057475447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6844881772994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5832337141036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.5646358728408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.49607500433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4811171889305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100560664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3608019","display_name":"K-ary tree","level":4,"score":0.46021735668182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44863951206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42850756645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29565179347991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.2138844132423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21322640776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1567/pdf?version=1678714431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6cea0587df304f80a77a43bdc2f137c2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6cea0587df304f80a77a43bdc2f137c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 1567 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/6/1567/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 1567","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15061567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061567","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1567/pdf?version=1678714431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1357801561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JS099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2079728996","display_name":"\u6563\u4e71\u70b9\u96c6\u591a\u57df\u975e\u5747\u8d28\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u754c\u9762\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8826243249","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5ba4\u5185\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u4e09\u7ef4\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u91cd\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324144610.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019190157","https://openalex.org/W2136484310","https://openalex.org/W2509596959","https://openalex.org/W2611090267","https://openalex.org/W2794121684","https://openalex.org/W2794863820","https://openalex.org/W2794911584","https://openalex.org/W2885035168","https://openalex.org/W2899693799","https://openalex.org/W2908560465","https://openalex.org/W2913475014","https://openalex.org/W2955191297","https://openalex.org/W2964257316","https://openalex.org/W2969411633","https://openalex.org/W2973851693","https://openalex.org/W2979263938","https://openalex.org/W3004769717","https://openalex.org/W3006947476","https://openalex.org/W3011477772","https://openalex.org/W3015952109","https://openalex.org/W3021818817","https://openalex.org/W3033600255","https://openalex.org/W3046682112","https://openalex.org/W3048712964","https://openalex.org/W3048738098","https://openalex.org/W3092365151","https://openalex.org/W3106937308","https://openalex.org/W3121068046","https://openalex.org/W3122830743","https://openalex.org/W3128186415","https://openalex.org/W3143836099","https://openalex.org/W3171838647","https://openalex.org/W3184969998","https://openalex.org/W3186493212","https://openalex.org/W3194580785","https://openalex.org/W3211830023","https://openalex.org/W3217703531","https://openalex.org/W4205716868","https://openalex.org/W4206816400","https://openalex.org/W4249836439","https://openalex.org/W4282966364","https://openalex.org/W4292258945","https://openalex.org/W4303980755","https://openalex.org/W4312729759","https://openalex.org/W6749620190","https://openalex.org/W6782235996","https://openalex.org/W6796880468","https://openalex.org/W6804946803","https://openalex.org/W6841348963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540916342","https://openalex.org/W2227684440","https://openalex.org/W2150988524","https://openalex.org/W2092152400","https://openalex.org/W2156833871","https://openalex.org/W1521720839","https://openalex.org/W2093863113","https://openalex.org/W3205563779","https://openalex.org/W3138084528","https://openalex.org/W2083751087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,211,266],"automatic":[1],"extraction":[2,50],"of":[3,142,213,257,280,286],"individual":[4,48,209],"tree":[5,16,19,23,32,49,62,83,95,107,114,144,162,203,287],"from":[6,69,85],"mobile":[7,237],"laser":[8,238],"scanning":[9],"(MLS)":[10,240],"scenes":[11],"has":[12],"important":[13],"applications":[14],"in":[15,29,246],"growth":[17],"monitoring,":[18],"parameter":[20],"calculation":[21],"and":[22,31,38,61,110,127,133,160,173,180,196,231,249,255,263,282],"modeling.":[24],"However,":[25],"trees":[26,68,276],"often":[27],"grow":[28],"rows":[30,279],"crowns":[33],"overlap":[34],"with":[35,277],"varying":[36],"shapes,":[37],"there":[39],"is":[40,76,116,125,167,224],"also":[41],"incompleteness":[42],"caused":[43],"by":[44,100,118,129,169],"occlusion,":[45],"which":[46,223],"makes":[47],"a":[51,59,225,236],"challenging":[52],"problem.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"trunk-constrained":[60],"structure":[63],"analysis":[64],"method":[65,216,272],"to":[66,80,138,185,207,242],"extract":[67,208,275],"scanned":[70],"urban":[71,87],"scenes.":[72],"Firstly,":[73],"multi-feature":[74],"enhancement":[75],"performed":[77],"via":[78],"PointNet":[79],"segment":[81],"the":[82,92,104,111,123,140,143,147,150,161,171,178,187,193,202,214,220,252,284],"points":[84,148,182,189],"raw":[86],"scene":[88],"point":[89,228],"clouds.":[90],"Next,":[91],"candidate":[93],"local":[94,106,113],"trunk":[96,108,115,124],"clusters":[97],"are":[98,155,183,205],"obtained":[99,117],"clustering":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,219],"intercepted":[105],"layer,":[109],"real":[112],"removing":[119],"noise":[120],"data.":[121],"Then,":[122],"located":[126],"extracted":[128],"combining":[130],"circle":[131],"fitting":[132],"region":[134],"growing,":[135],"so":[136],"as":[137,199,201],"obtain":[139,186],"center":[141],"crown.":[145],"Further,":[146],"near":[149],"tree\u2019s":[151],"crown":[152,163],"(core":[153],"points)":[154,166],"segmented":[156],"through":[157],"distance":[158],"difference,":[159],"boundary":[164,181,197],"(boundary":[165],"distinguished":[168],"analyzing":[170],"density":[172],"centroid":[174],"deflection":[175],"angle.":[176],"Therefore,":[177],"core":[179],"deleted":[184],"remaining":[188],"(intermediate":[190],"points).":[191],"Finally,":[192],"core,":[194],"intermediate":[195],"points,":[198],"well":[200],"trunks,":[204],"combined":[206],"tree.":[210],"performance":[212],"proposed":[215],"was":[217],"evaluated":[218],"Pairs-Lille-3D":[221],"dataset,":[222],"benchmark":[226],"for":[227],"cloud":[229],"classification,":[230],"data":[232],"were":[233,260],"produced":[234],"using":[235],"system":[239],"applied":[241],"two":[243],"different":[244],"cities":[245],"France":[247],"(Paris":[248],"Lille).":[250],"Overall,":[251],"precision,":[253],"recall,":[254],"F1-score":[256],"instance":[258],"segmentation":[259],"90.00%,":[261],"98.22%,":[262],"99.08%,":[264],"respectively.":[265],"experimental":[267],"results":[268],"demonstrate":[269],"that":[270],"our":[271],"can":[273],"effectively":[274],"multiple":[278],"occlusion":[281],"improve":[283],"accuracy":[285],"extraction.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2023-03-15T00:00:00"}