{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323316676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440","title":"Mapping Fractional Vegetation Coverage across Wetland Classes of Sub-Arctic Peatlands Using Combined Partial Least Squares Regression and Multiple Endmember Spectral Unmixing","display_name":"Mapping Fractional Vegetation Coverage across Wetland Classes of Sub-Arctic Peatlands Using Combined Partial Least Squares Regression and Multiple Endmember Spectral Unmixing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323316676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1440/pdf?version=1678244153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1440/pdf?version=1678244153","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088171632","display_name":"Heidi Cunnick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6479-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Cunnick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031460042","display_name":"J. M. Ramage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-1822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joan M. Ramage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017959477","display_name":"Dawn R. Magness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343028186","display_name":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Magness","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343028186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084356911","display_name":"Stephen C. Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031460042"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.3994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91698127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1440","last_page":"1440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12091","display_name":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12091","display_name":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.9538000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9451077580451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.6144043803215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5900675058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5556438565254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.4991490840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetland","display_name":"Wetland","score":0.4901140630245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4882107079029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.4328400194644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2294645607471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16815531253814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.16479113698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16193899512290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10566142201423645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9451077580451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.6144043803215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5900675058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5556438565254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4991490840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.4901140630245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4882107079029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.4328400194644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2294645607471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16815531253814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16479113698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16193899512290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10566142201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1440/pdf?version=1678244153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e22850517b5e4e47a80af255310b521d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e22850517b5e4e47a80af255310b521d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1440 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1440/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1440/pdf?version=1678244153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518629808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310365","funder_display_name":"Lehigh University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4836309935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","funder_display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310365","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332182","display_name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7dar27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323316676.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575561","https://openalex.org/W3644042","https://openalex.org/W15079738","https://openalex.org/W420801635","https://openalex.org/W1497751391","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1965173367","https://openalex.org/W1965228281","https://openalex.org/W1966798775","https://openalex.org/W1972293418","https://openalex.org/W1974286589","https://openalex.org/W1986641627","https://openalex.org/W1994042308","https://openalex.org/W2000723643","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2001946245","https://openalex.org/W2002242696","https://openalex.org/W2015611378","https://openalex.org/W2022423925","https://openalex.org/W2034325283","https://openalex.org/W2036367059","https://openalex.org/W2049615096","https://openalex.org/W2050919167","https://openalex.org/W2053409082","https://openalex.org/W2057604517","https://openalex.org/W2073503722","https://openalex.org/W2075969538","https://openalex.org/W2091258541","https://openalex.org/W2100790927","https://openalex.org/W2133309522","https://openalex.org/W2136635809","https://openalex.org/W2139432134","https://openalex.org/W2144153036","https://openalex.org/W2144881411","https://openalex.org/W2148028862","https://openalex.org/W2152465183","https://openalex.org/W2158863190","https://openalex.org/W2166363415","https://openalex.org/W2170901261","https://openalex.org/W2320903961","https://openalex.org/W2489430647","https://openalex.org/W2508300750","https://openalex.org/W2608860984","https://openalex.org/W2791306819","https://openalex.org/W2906480101","https://openalex.org/W2936514808","https://openalex.org/W2950378223","https://openalex.org/W3024077375","https://openalex.org/W3040777756","https://openalex.org/W3159918785","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4399569270","https://openalex.org/W6629542606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W3106536224","https://openalex.org/W2891033441","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2315521504","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W2040756827","https://openalex.org/W2051769241","https://openalex.org/W2773863718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vegetation":[0],"communities":[1],"play":[2],"a":[3,39,100,117,123,137,191,207],"key":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,23,65,129,140,143,164,186,211],"governing":[7],"the":[8,54,71,110,146,159,174,180,187],"atmospheric-terrestrial":[9],"fluxes":[10],"of":[11,21,56,75,86,103,120,126,152],"water,":[12],"carbon,":[13],"nutrients,":[14],"and":[15,19,34,49,73,108,112,122],"energy.":[16],"The":[17],"expanse":[18],"heterogeneity":[20],"vegetation":[22,51],"sub-arctic":[24,66],"peatland":[25],"systems":[26],"makes":[27],"monitoring":[28],"change":[29],"at":[30,53],"meaningful":[31],"spatial":[32],"resolutions":[33],"extents":[35],"challenging.":[36],"We":[37,91],"use":[38,92],"field-collected":[40],"spectral":[41,78,153],"endmember":[42,77],"reference":[43,111,176],"library":[44,162],"to":[45,83,98,183,205],"unmix":[46],"hyperspectral":[47],"imagery":[48],"map":[50],"coverage":[52,85],"level":[55],"plant":[57],"functional":[58],"type":[59],"(PFT),":[60],"across":[61,88],"three":[62],"wetland":[63,89],"sites":[64],"Alaska.":[67],"This":[68],"study":[69],"explores":[70],"optimization":[72],"parametrization":[74],"multiple":[76],"mixture":[79],"analysis":[80],"(MESMA)":[81],"models":[82],"estimate":[84],"PFTs":[87],"classes.":[90],"partial":[93],"least":[94],"squares":[95],"regression":[96],"(PLSR)":[97],"identify":[99],"parsimonious":[101],"set":[102,119,125],"critical":[104],"bands":[105,154],"for":[106,194,203],"unmixing":[107,161,175],"compare":[109],"modeled":[113],"coverage.":[114],"Unmixing,":[115],"using":[116],"full":[118],"110-bands":[121],"smaller":[124],"4-bands,":[127],"results":[128,142,163],"maps":[130,144],"that":[131],"effectively":[132],"discriminate":[133],"between":[134,156],"PFTs,":[135,157],"indicating":[136],"small":[138,192],"investment":[139],"fieldwork":[141,198],"mirroring":[145],"true":[147],"ground":[148],"cover.":[149],"Both":[150],"sets":[151],"differentiate":[155],"but":[158],"4-band":[160],"more":[165],"accurate":[166],"predictive":[167],"mapping":[168],"with":[169],"lower":[170],"computational":[171],"cost.":[172],"Reducing":[173],"dataset":[177],"by":[178],"constraining":[179],"PFT":[181],"endmembers":[182],"those":[184],"identified":[185],"field-site":[188],"produces":[189],"only":[190],"advantage":[193],"mapping,":[195],"suggesting":[196],"extensive":[197],"may":[199],"not":[200],"be":[201],"necessary":[202],"MESMA":[204],"have":[206],"high":[208],"explanatory":[209],"value":[210],"these":[212],"remote":[213],"environments.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
