{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322743884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371","title":"Complex-Valued U-Net with Capsule Embedded for Semantic Segmentation of PolSAR Image","display_name":"Complex-Valued U-Net with Capsule Embedded for Semantic Segmentation of PolSAR Image","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322743884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1371/pdf?version=1677601718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1371/pdf?version=1677601718","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719444","display_name":"Lingjuan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-4792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingjuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034882374","display_name":"Qiqi Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021883","display_name":"Yuting Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-9599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053760119","display_name":"Xiaochun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119042","display_name":"Gannan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jf7e446","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087813097","display_name":"Miaomiao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-7114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaomiao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112078435","display_name":"Wen Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-9812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100194, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100194, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100719444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.0841,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93714669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1371","last_page":"1371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7672004699707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6682906746864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5445842742919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5423641204833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4759485423564911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4409128427505493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7672004699707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6682906746864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5445842742919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5423641204833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4759485423564911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4409128427505493}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1371/pdf?version=1677601718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06a0ef55bbe043e2abb0cdf60fba435f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06a0ef55bbe043e2abb0cdf60fba435f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1371 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1371/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1371/pdf?version=1677601718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3668956084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3995057478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224BAB212008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5481818271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224BAB202002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5486152420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8385642319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62266020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8796033106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322743884.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2133989913","https://openalex.org/W2146623218","https://openalex.org/W2345055757","https://openalex.org/W2370317051","https://openalex.org/W2559324447","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2607714468","https://openalex.org/W2610921225","https://openalex.org/W2739695347","https://openalex.org/W2754361766","https://openalex.org/W2789584428","https://openalex.org/W2793189836","https://openalex.org/W2809361304","https://openalex.org/W2819744022","https://openalex.org/W2886912026","https://openalex.org/W2895526696","https://openalex.org/W2897760800","https://openalex.org/W2904891876","https://openalex.org/W2907088929","https://openalex.org/W2910641067","https://openalex.org/W2919352650","https://openalex.org/W2923133717","https://openalex.org/W2930359273","https://openalex.org/W2963143796","https://openalex.org/W2963356165","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2965344373","https://openalex.org/W2979476850","https://openalex.org/W2989067579","https://openalex.org/W2991257702","https://openalex.org/W2992702773","https://openalex.org/W3000122775","https://openalex.org/W3003720284","https://openalex.org/W3012028708","https://openalex.org/W3021829869","https://openalex.org/W3038084131","https://openalex.org/W3048338795","https://openalex.org/W3083065220","https://openalex.org/W3098095976","https://openalex.org/W3098740429","https://openalex.org/W3101197104","https://openalex.org/W3101283671","https://openalex.org/W3103068728","https://openalex.org/W3103333135","https://openalex.org/W3107310172","https://openalex.org/W3108297506","https://openalex.org/W3119928944","https://openalex.org/W3132371805","https://openalex.org/W3135065966","https://openalex.org/W3148133403","https://openalex.org/W3155131704","https://openalex.org/W3165071532","https://openalex.org/W3196641506","https://openalex.org/W3200403648","https://openalex.org/W3203407718","https://openalex.org/W3213513932","https://openalex.org/W4205485472","https://openalex.org/W6681739413","https://openalex.org/W6785098015","https://openalex.org/W6794293414","https://openalex.org/W6796284632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2168523118","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"semantic":[3,35,56,116],"segmentation":[4,57,64,117,213],"with":[5,109,195],"pixel-level":[6],"classification":[7],"has":[8,52],"become":[9],"one":[10,178],"of":[11,14,20,58,82,118,124,148,188,192],"the":[12,18,76,85,92,131,136,149,153,164,183,221],"types":[13,191],"research":[15],"focus":[16],"in":[17,84,91,168],"field":[19],"polarimetric":[21],"synthetic":[22],"aperture":[23],"radar":[24],"(PolSAR)":[25],"image":[26,151],"interpretation.":[27],"Fully":[28],"convolutional":[29],"network":[30,77,94,113,140,185,210],"(FCN)":[31],"can":[32,95],"achieve":[33],"end-to-end":[34],"segmentation,":[36],"which":[37],"provides":[38],"a":[39,47,105,110,119,196],"basic":[40],"framework":[41],"for":[42,75,115],"subsequent":[43],"improved":[44],"networks.":[45],"As":[46],"classic":[48],"FCN-based":[49],"network,":[50],"U-Net":[51,108,126],"been":[53,67],"applied":[54],"to":[55,78,129,143,162],"remote":[59],"sensing":[60],"images.":[61],"Although":[62],"good":[63],"results":[65],"have":[66,71],"obtained,":[68],"scalar":[69],"neurons":[70,89],"made":[72],"it":[73],"difficult":[74],"obtain":[79],"multiple":[80],"properties":[81],"entities":[83],"image.":[86,121],"The":[87,122,209],"vector":[88],"used":[90],"capsule":[93,112,139],"effectively":[96],"solve":[97],"this":[98,101],"problem.":[99],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"complex-valued":[106],"(CV)":[107],"CV":[111,125,138,154,157],"embedded":[114,137],"PolSAR":[120,133,150],"structure":[123],"is":[127,141,160,186,225],"lightweight":[128],"match":[130],"small":[132],"data,":[134],"and":[135,177,200],"designed":[142],"extract":[144],"more":[145],"abundant":[146],"features":[147],"than":[152,215],"U-Net.":[155],"Furthermore,":[156],"dynamic":[158],"routing":[159],"proposed":[161,184],"realize":[163],"connection":[165],"between":[166,204],"capsules":[167],"two":[169,174,205],"adjacent":[170,206],"layers.":[171],"Experiments":[172],"on":[173],"airborne":[175],"datasets":[176],"Gaofen-3":[179],"dataset":[180],"show":[181],"that":[182],"capable":[187],"distinguishing":[189],"different":[190],"land":[193,207],"covers":[194],"similar":[197],"scattering":[198],"mechanism":[199],"extracting":[201],"complex":[202],"boundaries":[203],"covers.":[208],"achieves":[211],"better":[212],"performance":[214],"other":[216],"state-of-art":[217],"networks,":[218],"especially":[219],"when":[220],"training":[222],"set":[223],"size":[224],"small.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}