{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322743891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361","title":"Rice Yield Prediction in Hubei Province Based on Deep Learning and the Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity","display_name":"Rice Yield Prediction in Hubei Province Based on Deep Learning and the Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322743891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1361/pdf?version=1677586038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1361/pdf?version=1677586038","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057455412","display_name":"Shitong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shitong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020790434","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084901503","display_name":"Nengcheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nengcheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Luojia Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084901503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619","https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.7163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98544562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1361","last_page":"1361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6513353586196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6076090335845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5414254069328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5342276096343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.50389164686203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4941244423389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45714735984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3512280583381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.351184606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08228492736816406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6513353586196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6076090335845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5414254069328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5342276096343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.50389164686203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4941244423389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45714735984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3512280583381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.351184606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08228492736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1361/pdf?version=1677586038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e468acb7f4b942d0b4d091fcae928972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e468acb7f4b942d0b4d091fcae928972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1361 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1361/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1361/pdf?version=1677586038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023083465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1962431854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42022009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G23311693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328899","funder_display_name":"China University of Geosciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870525900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3786745975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4288132589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2642022009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328899","funder_display_name":"China University of Geosciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5399121702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6192609413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6606461640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452352521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 42201509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328899","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322743891.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1986072339","https://openalex.org/W2003299437","https://openalex.org/W2373255607","https://openalex.org/W2513839347","https://openalex.org/W2523192248","https://openalex.org/W2584423918","https://openalex.org/W2591129009","https://openalex.org/W2783086868","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2921277556","https://openalex.org/W2953686964","https://openalex.org/W2979666105","https://openalex.org/W2999658315","https://openalex.org/W3008648992","https://openalex.org/W3017978035","https://openalex.org/W3022086662","https://openalex.org/W3029014910","https://openalex.org/W3046918937","https://openalex.org/W3079760979","https://openalex.org/W3081479206","https://openalex.org/W3095319565","https://openalex.org/W3110648706","https://openalex.org/W3110932100","https://openalex.org/W3111174758","https://openalex.org/W3111700100","https://openalex.org/W3118391463","https://openalex.org/W3123467714","https://openalex.org/W3129768331","https://openalex.org/W3132602407","https://openalex.org/W3136498992","https://openalex.org/W3142909427","https://openalex.org/W3167522911","https://openalex.org/W3182380878","https://openalex.org/W3192383278","https://openalex.org/W3203696868","https://openalex.org/W3204546865","https://openalex.org/W4206974389","https://openalex.org/W4282841064","https://openalex.org/W4285098427","https://openalex.org/W4293661200","https://openalex.org/W4296432358","https://openalex.org/W4296445924","https://openalex.org/W4306759274","https://openalex.org/W6843145557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timely":[0],"and":[1,27,97,138,143,161,183],"accurate":[2],"crop":[3,16],"yield":[4,106,151],"information":[5],"can":[6,56],"ensure":[7],"regional":[8],"food":[9],"security.":[10],"In":[11,85],"the":[12,40,45,60,70,79,103,108,129,181,191,194,211,223,227],"field":[13],"of":[14,42,51,72,82,92,185,222],"predicting":[15,102],"yields,":[17],"deep":[18,186],"learning":[19,187],"techniques":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,157],"long":[23],"short-term":[24],"memory":[25],"(LSTM)":[26],"convolutional":[28,98],"neural":[29],"networks":[30],"(CNN)":[31],"are":[32,47],"frequently":[33],"employed.":[34],"Many":[35],"studies":[36],"have":[37],"shown":[38],"that":[39,196],"predictions":[41],"models":[43],"combining":[44],"two":[46],"better":[48],"than":[49,210],"those":[50],"single":[52],"models.":[53,188],"Crop":[54],"growth":[55],"be":[57],"reflected":[58],"by":[59,119],"vegetation":[61],"index":[62],"calculated":[63],"using":[64,214],"data":[65,76,127,152],"from":[66,153],"remote":[67,74,125,172,216],"sensing.":[68],"However,":[69],"use":[71],"pure":[73],"sensing":[75,126,173,217],"alone":[77],"ignores":[78],"spatial":[80,148,203],"heterogeneity":[81,204],"different":[83],"regions.":[84],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"tested":[89],"a":[90,144,198,206],"total":[91],"three":[93],"models,":[94],"CNN-LSTM,":[95],"CNN":[96,228],"LSTM":[99],"(ConvLSTM),":[100],"for":[101,180],"annual":[104],"rice":[105,150],"at":[107],"county":[109],"level":[110],"in":[111],"Hubei":[112],"Province,":[113],"China.":[114],"The":[115,170,219],"model":[116,195,212,225],"was":[117],"trained":[118,213],"ERA5":[120],"temperature":[121],"(AT)":[122],"data,":[123],"MODIS":[124],"including":[128],"Enhanced":[130],"Vegetation":[131,140],"Index":[132,141],"(EVI),":[133],"Gross":[134],"Primary":[135],"Productivity":[136],"(GPP)":[137],"Soil-Adapted":[139],"(SAVI),":[142],"dummy":[145,199],"variable":[146,200],"representing":[147],"heterogeneity;":[149],"2000\u20132019":[154],"were":[155,163,175],"employed":[156],"labels.":[158],"Data":[159],"download":[160],"processing":[162],"based":[164],"on":[165],"Google":[166],"Earth":[167],"Engine":[168],"(GEE).":[169],"downloaded":[171],"images":[174],"processed":[176],"into":[177],"normalized":[178],"histograms":[179],"training":[182],"prediction":[184,220],"According":[189],"to":[190,201],"experimental":[192],"findings,":[193],"included":[197],"represent":[202],"had":[205],"stronger":[207],"predictive":[208],"ability":[209],"just":[215],"data.":[218],"performance":[221],"CNN-LSTM":[224],"outperformed":[226],"or":[229],"ConvLSTM":[230],"model.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
