{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323317490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325","title":"Global Feature Attention Network: Addressing the Threat of Adversarial Attack for Aerial Image Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Global Feature Attention Network: Addressing the Threat of Adversarial Attack for Aerial Image Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323317490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1325/pdf?version=1677658973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1325/pdf?version=1677658973","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003378750","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-0827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi\u2019an 710082, China","Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi'an 710082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi\u2019an 710082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi'an 710082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101691435","display_name":"Buhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi\u2019an 710082, China","Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi'an 710082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi\u2019an 710082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schoolof Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, FengHao East Road, Xi'an 710082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732105","display_name":"Yaohui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-3557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaohui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, FengMing Road, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, FengMing Road, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075799102","display_name":"Jianxin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, XiJing Road, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, XiJing Road, Xi'an 710123, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, XiJing Road, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, XiJing Road, Xi'an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003378750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7151,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86982473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1325","last_page":"1325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7763251066207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.769433856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6146953701972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6139498949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5419129133224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5198203325271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5001935958862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.47274717688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43755993247032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28393590450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07128366827964783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7763251066207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.769433856010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6146953701972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6139498949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5419129133224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5198203325271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5001935958862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.47274717688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43755993247032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28393590450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07128366827964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1325/pdf?version=1677658973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77ce3ad7332b4bc2b6879bc77ebb960a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77ce3ad7332b4bc2b6879bc77ebb960a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1325 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1325/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051325","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1325/pdf?version=1677658973","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2470170655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3276484093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3820317076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4220107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6370676448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 61671465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7915789691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323317490.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2204362653","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2571149404","https://openalex.org/W2588629605","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2767943769","https://openalex.org/W2768346313","https://openalex.org/W2799785415","https://openalex.org/W2891797654","https://openalex.org/W2905573335","https://openalex.org/W2913266441","https://openalex.org/W2947704577","https://openalex.org/W2955813853","https://openalex.org/W2960586030","https://openalex.org/W2962710014","https://openalex.org/W2963066927","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963229629","https://openalex.org/W2963691928","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2987761193","https://openalex.org/W2996344901","https://openalex.org/W3028752951","https://openalex.org/W3035821888","https://openalex.org/W3044776120","https://openalex.org/W3044816028","https://openalex.org/W3088410207","https://openalex.org/W3090912710","https://openalex.org/W3098881417","https://openalex.org/W3100144085","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3103092912","https://openalex.org/W3110908156","https://openalex.org/W3112503277","https://openalex.org/W3120052154","https://openalex.org/W3127159478","https://openalex.org/W3128055887","https://openalex.org/W3141920857","https://openalex.org/W3172075653","https://openalex.org/W3176945377","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3183174367","https://openalex.org/W3199042663","https://openalex.org/W3207005322","https://openalex.org/W4200386693","https://openalex.org/W4200633637","https://openalex.org/W4205365435","https://openalex.org/W4214833808","https://openalex.org/W4312716506","https://openalex.org/W4312846227","https://openalex.org/W4313032421","https://openalex.org/W4320018395","https://openalex.org/W6758985591","https://openalex.org/W6783743782","https://openalex.org/W6790739679","https://openalex.org/W6796962097","https://openalex.org/W6798387234","https://openalex.org/W6805402900","https://openalex.org/W6805641521","https://openalex.org/W6809061922","https://openalex.org/W6850084082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W2619203976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aerial":[0],"Image":[1],"Semantic":[2],"segmentation":[3,88,155,181],"based":[4,67],"on":[5,32,45,61,68,163],"convolution":[6],"neural":[7],"networks":[8],"(CNNs)":[9],"has":[10],"made":[11],"significant":[12],"process":[13],"in":[14],"recent":[15],"years.":[16],"Nevertheless,":[17],"their":[18],"vulnerability":[19],"to":[20,89,103,118,124,148],"adversarial":[21,33,43,59,94,126,145,158,175],"example":[22,159],"attacks":[23,34,60,176],"could":[24],"not":[25],"be":[26],"neglected.":[27],"Existing":[28],"studies":[29],"typically":[30],"focus":[31],"for":[35,84,136],"image":[36,63,86,166],"classification,":[37],"ignoring":[38],"the":[39,56,69,91,98,105,112,120,129,150,153],"negative":[40],"effect":[41],"of":[42,58,72,93,108,152],"examples":[44],"semantic":[46,64,87,154,180],"segmentation.":[47,65],"In":[48,139],"this":[49],"article,":[50],"we":[51,75,141],"systematically":[52],"assess":[53],"and":[54,128],"verify":[55],"influence":[57],"aerial":[62,85,165],"Meanwhile,":[66],"robust":[70,173],"characteristics":[71],"global":[73,79,99,109,113,121],"features,":[74,110],"construct":[76,142],"a":[77,143],"novel":[78],"feature":[80,122,130,137],"attention":[81,115],"network":[82],"(GFANet)":[83],"solve":[90],"threat":[92],"attacks.":[95,160],"GFANet":[96,170],"uses":[97],"context":[100,106],"encoder":[101],"(GCE)":[102],"obtain":[104],"dependencies":[107],"introduces":[111],"coordinate":[114],"mechanism":[116],"(GCAM)":[117],"enhance":[119],"representation":[123],"suppress":[125],"noise,":[127],"consistency":[131],"alignment":[132],"(FCA)":[133],"is":[134,171],"used":[135],"calibration.":[138],"addition,":[140],"universal":[144],"training":[146],"strategy":[147],"improve":[149],"robustness":[151],"model":[156],"against":[157,174],"Extensive":[161],"experiments":[162],"three":[164],"datasets":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"that":[169],"more":[172],"than":[177],"existing":[178],"state-of-the-art":[179],"models.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}