{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322502954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258","title":"Infrared Small Marine Target Detection Based on Spatiotemporal Dynamics Analysis","display_name":"Infrared Small Marine Target Detection Based on Spatiotemporal Dynamics Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322502954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1258/pdf?version=1677478939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1258/pdf?version=1677478939","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061799112","display_name":"Chujia Dang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chujia Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081224354","display_name":"Zhengzhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","Key Laboratory of Beam Control, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Beam Control, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103784390","display_name":"Congyu Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congyu Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688599","display_name":"Qin Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081224354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.3338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95653559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1258","last_page":"1258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9383373260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6778679490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5733007192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4583655297756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4477232098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationary-target-indication","display_name":"Stationary target indication","score":0.4245510697364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32026901841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2788965702056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.19666478037834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.11749199032783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.07061097025871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06493622064590454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9383373260498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6778679490089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5733007192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4583655297756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4477232098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51196962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966352","display_name":"Stationary target indication","level":5,"score":0.4245510697364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32026901841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2788965702056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.19666478037834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.11749199032783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.07061097025871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06493622064590454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1258/pdf?version=1677478939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eac2ba600b12448a8e7d765f6c28a7e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eac2ba600b12448a8e7d765f6c28a7e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1258 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1258/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1258/pdf?version=1677478939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2253890267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G276591642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017LBC006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322502954.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585703165","https://openalex.org/W1588195966","https://openalex.org/W1995457995","https://openalex.org/W2008665843","https://openalex.org/W2015674921","https://openalex.org/W2018754663","https://openalex.org/W2036642679","https://openalex.org/W2041349596","https://openalex.org/W2048558146","https://openalex.org/W2048662727","https://openalex.org/W2099122939","https://openalex.org/W2100811108","https://openalex.org/W2102037022","https://openalex.org/W2108023333","https://openalex.org/W2108511354","https://openalex.org/W2122512937","https://openalex.org/W2132617208","https://openalex.org/W2138425892","https://openalex.org/W2208706001","https://openalex.org/W2301381495","https://openalex.org/W2347617739","https://openalex.org/W2462664206","https://openalex.org/W2499707207","https://openalex.org/W2913946412","https://openalex.org/W3007821902","https://openalex.org/W4211122223","https://openalex.org/W4296186103","https://openalex.org/W4296437776","https://openalex.org/W4312588616","https://openalex.org/W6654125736","https://openalex.org/W6680803689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364502255","https://openalex.org/W2080615845","https://openalex.org/W3000145458","https://openalex.org/W3178405604","https://openalex.org/W2100586735","https://openalex.org/W4394898250","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W4224212501","https://openalex.org/W2032198414","https://openalex.org/W2349566327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,22,78,162,177],"a":[2,141],"big":[3],"challenge":[4],"to":[5,25,63,148],"detect":[6],"and":[7,15,71,85,111,130,173,207,224],"track":[8],"small":[9,53,195,225],"infrared":[10,52],"marine":[11,54,196],"targets":[12],"in":[13,38,44,93,179,198,220],"non-stationary":[14],"time-varying":[16],"sea":[17,33,68,76,91,101,156,160,201,221],"clutter":[18,34,69,77,92,102,161,202,222],"because":[19],"the":[20,30,39,45,65,81,86,90,94,100,106,112,126,131,150,154,159,166,170,175,180,184,194,208,213],"signal":[21],"too":[23],"strong":[24],"be":[26],"estimated.":[27],"Based":[28],"on":[29,59,120,193],"phenomenon":[31],"that":[32,212],"spreads":[35],"not":[36],"only":[37],"temporal":[40,107],"domain":[41,96],"but":[42],"also":[43],"spatial":[46,113],"domain,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"an":[51],"target":[55,72,176,197,226],"detection":[56],"algorithm":[57,215],"based":[58,119],"spatiotemporal":[60,95,132],"dynamics":[61,108,114,133],"analysis":[62],"improve":[64],"performances":[66,219],"of":[67,89,140,153],"suppression":[70,223],"detection.":[73,227],"The":[74],"moving":[75,155],"modeled":[79],"as":[80],"spatial-temporal":[82],"phase":[83],"space,":[84],"dynamical":[87,123],"parameters":[88],"are":[97,117,136,205],"extracted":[98,122],"from":[99,169],"image":[103,168,182,203],"sequence.":[104],"Afterwards,":[105],"reconstruction":[109,115,134],"function":[110,116,135,144],"built":[118],"these":[121],"parameters.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"space-time":[127],"coupling":[128],"coefficient":[129],"estimated":[137,167],"by":[138,164],"means":[139],"radial":[142],"basis":[143],"(RBF)":[145],"neural":[146],"network":[147],"reconstruct":[149],"propagation":[151],"regularity":[152],"clutter.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"suppressed":[163,181],"subtracting":[165],"original":[171],"image,":[172],"then":[174],"detected":[178],"using":[183],"constant":[185],"false":[186],"alarm":[187],"rate":[188],"(CFAR)":[189],"criteria.":[190],"Some":[191],"experiments":[192],"various":[199],"fluctuating":[200],"sequences":[204],"induced,":[206],"experimental":[209],"results":[210],"show":[211],"proposed":[214],"could":[216],"achieve":[217],"outstanding":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}