{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321498456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181","title":"Recognition of Abnormal Individuals Based on Lightweight Deep Learning Using Aerial Images in Complex Forest Landscapes: A Case Study of Pine Wood Nematode","display_name":"Recognition of Abnormal Individuals Based on Lightweight Deep Learning Using Aerial Images in Complex Forest Landscapes: A Case Study of Pine Wood Nematode","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321498456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1181/pdf?version=1676984962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1181/pdf?version=1676984962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031642604","display_name":"Zuyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088351292","display_name":"Biao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-7953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Geographic Information Intelligent Technology Engineering Research Center, Hefei 230601, China","School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Geographic Information Intelligent Technology Engineering Research Center, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697734","display_name":"Wenwen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-4694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458040","display_name":"Yanlan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8983-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanlan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Engineering Research Center for Geographical Information Intelligent Technology, Hefei 230601, China","Anhui Geographic Information Intelligent Technology Engineering Research Center, Hefei 230601, China","School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Engineering Research Center for Geographical Information Intelligent Technology, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Geographic Information Intelligent Technology Engineering Research Center, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004930187","display_name":"Jun Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-5705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120863463","display_name":"Peng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-9220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001493649","display_name":"Hanlu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102845746","display_name":"Ao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-2627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088351292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77381404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1181","last_page":"1181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.770492434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5212412476539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5195643901824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4585033059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45045170187950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4254275858402252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4176168143749237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.12147724628448486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770492434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5212412476539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5195643901824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4585033059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45045170187950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4254275858402252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4176168143749237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.12147724628448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1181/pdf?version=1676984962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5048a2c109ed4da2b39829a3f66bbb73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5048a2c109ed4da2b39829a3f66bbb73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 5, p 1181 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/5/1181/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15051181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051181","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1181/pdf?version=1676984962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2372021879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5092423305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6648801017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321498456.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1843763927","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1991758224","https://openalex.org/W2013183096","https://openalex.org/W2031366096","https://openalex.org/W2043473645","https://openalex.org/W2047610499","https://openalex.org/W2124914509","https://openalex.org/W2147171936","https://openalex.org/W2169103225","https://openalex.org/W2289244918","https://openalex.org/W2310274055","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2586819609","https://openalex.org/W2608463550","https://openalex.org/W2765445291","https://openalex.org/W2810127562","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890513934","https://openalex.org/W2904698365","https://openalex.org/W2905685671","https://openalex.org/W2952113774","https://openalex.org/W2952542446","https://openalex.org/W2955318627","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2969393175","https://openalex.org/W2971653617","https://openalex.org/W2977144840","https://openalex.org/W3005607320","https://openalex.org/W3013471216","https://openalex.org/W3014961572","https://openalex.org/W3035016091","https://openalex.org/W3036119463","https://openalex.org/W3038245933","https://openalex.org/W3083808601","https://openalex.org/W3119001219","https://openalex.org/W3120119699","https://openalex.org/W3120284626","https://openalex.org/W3138725786","https://openalex.org/W3158055714","https://openalex.org/W3161106266","https://openalex.org/W3196623926","https://openalex.org/W4200465356","https://openalex.org/W4210282496","https://openalex.org/W4210889319","https://openalex.org/W4213356613","https://openalex.org/W4224690709","https://openalex.org/W4226215164","https://openalex.org/W4281728047","https://openalex.org/W4283592746","https://openalex.org/W4283777286","https://openalex.org/W4287958154","https://openalex.org/W4289344836","https://openalex.org/W4289745440","https://openalex.org/W4296354071","https://openalex.org/W6810498814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4327774331","https://openalex.org/W4312962853","https://openalex.org/W3177199397","https://openalex.org/W4230611425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"with":[1,29],"abnormalities":[2],"are":[3,27,90],"key":[4],"drivers":[5],"of":[6,32,37,98,105,126,155,159,168,187,190],"subtle":[7],"stress":[8],"changes":[9],"in":[10,162],"forest":[11,24,33],"ecosystems.":[12],"Although":[13],"remote":[14,38,195],"sensing":[15,39],"monitoring":[16,42,68,136,154,189],"and":[17,44,86,120,132,134,138,173,185],"deep":[18,144],"learning":[19,145],"have":[20],"been":[21],"developed":[22],"for":[23,70],"ecosystems,":[25],"they":[26],"faced":[28],"the":[30,81,94,166,183],"complexity":[31],"landscapes,":[34],"multiple":[35],"sources":[36,150],"data,":[40],"high":[41,171],"costs,":[43],"complex":[45,163],"terrain,":[46],"which":[47],"pose":[48],"significant":[49],"challenges":[50],"to":[51,74,92,151,180],"automatic":[52],"identification.":[53],"Therefore,":[54],"taking":[55],"pine":[56],"nematode":[57],"disease":[58],"as":[59,112,114],"an":[60,66],"example,":[61],"this":[62,79],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"D-SCNet,":[65],"intelligent":[67,188],"network":[69,118],"abnormal":[71,99,106,124,160],"individuals":[72,107,127,161,192],"applicable":[73],"UAV":[75,194],"visible":[76],"images.":[77],"In":[78],"method,":[80],"convolutional":[82],"block":[83,89],"attention":[84],"model":[85],"simplified":[87],"dense":[88],"introduced":[91],"enhance":[93,109,182],"semantic":[95],"analysis":[96],"ability":[97],"individual":[100],"identification,":[101],"use":[102],"multi-level":[103],"information":[104,149],"well,":[108],"feature":[110,115,130],"transfer":[111],"well":[113],"weights":[116],"between":[117],"layers,":[119],"selectively":[121],"focus":[122],"on":[123],"features":[125],"while":[128],"reducing":[129],"redundancy":[131],"parameter":[133],"improving":[135],"accuracy":[137],"efficiency.":[139],"This":[140],"method":[141],"uses":[142],"lightweight":[143],"models":[146],"through":[147],"weak":[148],"achieve":[152],"rapid":[153],"a":[156],"large":[157],"range":[158],"environments.":[164],"With":[165],"advantages":[167],"low":[169],"cost,":[170],"efficiency,":[172],"simple":[174],"data":[175],"sources,":[176],"it":[177],"is":[178],"expected":[179],"further":[181],"practicality":[184],"universality":[186],"anomalous":[191],"by":[193],"sensing.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
