{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320919719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055","title":"MCANet: A Multi-Branch Network for Cloud/Snow Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"MCANet: A Multi-Branch Network for Cloud/Snow Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320919719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1055/pdf?version=1676884746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1055/pdf?version=1676884746","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048675276","display_name":"Kai Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103009238","display_name":"Enwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045380530","display_name":"Min Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054915799","display_name":"Liguo Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-5323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liguo Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058852174","display_name":"Haifeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3835-6075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045380530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.6746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98958867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1055","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7905961275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5890398621559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.584102988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5473083853721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5131962895393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.43290582299232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.42996945977211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3747160732746124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1176186203956604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7905961275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5890398621559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.584102988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5473083853721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5131962895393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.43290582299232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.42996945977211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3747160732746124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1176186203956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1055/pdf?version=1676884746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9b2028bd83a48289bfdf90e14026d66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9b2028bd83a48289bfdf90e14026d66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 1055 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/1055/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1055/pdf?version=1676884746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320919719.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608371111","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1972586783","https://openalex.org/W1976978666","https://openalex.org/W1992969120","https://openalex.org/W2029116331","https://openalex.org/W2030851497","https://openalex.org/W2041777957","https://openalex.org/W2045573816","https://openalex.org/W2068124105","https://openalex.org/W2070641768","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2118996198","https://openalex.org/W2126744737","https://openalex.org/W2151655373","https://openalex.org/W2164453447","https://openalex.org/W2167263753","https://openalex.org/W2176476019","https://openalex.org/W2328239439","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2566143549","https://openalex.org/W2584156879","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2804737541","https://openalex.org/W2885850997","https://openalex.org/W2888182230","https://openalex.org/W2902930830","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2932727603","https://openalex.org/W2962772649","https://openalex.org/W2963890956","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2969492227","https://openalex.org/W2974394334","https://openalex.org/W2985229899","https://openalex.org/W3003442407","https://openalex.org/W3004531904","https://openalex.org/W3028160024","https://openalex.org/W3028832936","https://openalex.org/W3036708415","https://openalex.org/W3080368312","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3117453769","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3162006265","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W3200526086","https://openalex.org/W3209239396","https://openalex.org/W3209695792","https://openalex.org/W3214385370","https://openalex.org/W3217062060","https://openalex.org/W4200130640","https://openalex.org/W4200212016","https://openalex.org/W4205876245","https://openalex.org/W4205974189","https://openalex.org/W4206043501","https://openalex.org/W4206720335","https://openalex.org/W4211198541","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4220958657","https://openalex.org/W4281763314","https://openalex.org/W4307927158","https://openalex.org/W4311187275","https://openalex.org/W4311529133","https://openalex.org/W4313170858","https://openalex.org/W4316114718","https://openalex.org/W4319599426","https://openalex.org/W4320515785","https://openalex.org/W6677508755","https://openalex.org/W6803420298","https://openalex.org/W6849569195","https://openalex.org/W6929789353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W4205786897","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2070395303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"clouds":[1],"and":[2,8,40,43,71,75,166,176,179,183,198,230,238],"snow":[3],"block":[4],"the":[5,11,17,48,72,79,86,102,112,118,135,142,149,157,180,191,218,227],"underlying":[6],"surface":[7],"interfere":[9],"with":[10,130],"information":[12,74,77,104,115],"extracted":[13],"from":[14,106],"an":[15],"image,":[16],"accurate":[18],"segmentation":[19,52,143,240],"of":[20,50,114,138,236],"cloud/snow":[21,51,162,210],"regions":[22],"is":[23,61,69,91,97,125,145,208],"essential":[24],"for":[25,28,209],"imagery":[26],"preprocessing":[27],"remote":[29,33,159],"sensing.":[30],"Nearly":[31],"all":[32],"sensing":[34,160],"images":[35],"have":[36],"a":[37,94,121,131,233],"high":[38],"resolution":[39],"contain":[41],"complex":[42,214],"diverse":[44],"content,":[45],"which":[46],"makes":[47],"task":[49],"more":[53,213],"difficult.":[54],"A":[55,66],"multi-branch":[56],"convolutional":[57],"attention":[58],"network":[59,219],"(MCANet)":[60],"suggested":[62,98],"in":[63,78,117,221],"this":[64,84,222],"study.":[65],"double-branch":[67],"structure":[68],"adopted,":[70],"spatial":[73],"semantic":[76],"image":[80,139,161],"are":[81,194],"extracted.":[82],"In":[83],"way,":[85],"model\u2019s":[87],"feature":[88,103],"extraction":[89],"ability":[90,137],"improved.":[92],"Then,":[93],"fusion":[95],"module":[96,124],"to":[99,110,133,147],"correctly":[100],"fuse":[101],"gathered":[105],"several":[107],"branches.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"address":[111],"issue":[113],"loss":[116],"upsampling":[119],"process,":[120],"new":[122],"decoder":[123],"constructed":[126],"by":[127],"combining":[128],"convolution":[129],"transformer":[132],"enhance":[134],"recovery":[136],"information;":[140],"meanwhile,":[141],"boundary":[144],"repaired":[146],"refine":[148],"edge":[150],"information.":[151],"This":[152],"paper":[153,223],"conducts":[154,167],"experiments":[155,169],"on":[156,170,190],"high-resolution":[158],"detection":[163,211,216],"dataset":[164],"(CSWV),":[165],"generalization":[168],"two":[171],"publicly":[172],"available":[173],"datasets":[174,193],"(HRC_WHU":[175],"L8":[177],"SPARCS),":[178],"self-built":[181],"cloud":[182,184],"shadow":[185],"dataset.":[186],"The":[187,201],"MIOU":[188],"scores":[189],"four":[192],"92.736%,":[195],"91.649%,":[196],"80.253%,":[197],"94.894%,":[199],"respectively.":[200],"experimental":[202],"findings":[203],"demonstrate":[204],"that":[205],"whether":[206],"it":[207,231],"or":[212],"multi-category":[215],"tasks,":[217],"proposed":[220],"can":[224],"completely":[225],"restore":[226],"target":[228],"details,":[229],"provides":[232],"stronger":[234],"degree":[235],"robustness":[237],"superior":[239],"capabilities.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}