{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320918897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054","title":"Efficient Implementation for SBL-Based Coherent Distributed mmWave Radar Imaging","display_name":"Efficient Implementation for SBL-Based Coherent Distributed mmWave Radar Imaging","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320918897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1054/pdf?version=1676612510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1054/pdf?version=1676612510","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036145098","display_name":"Fengzhou Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengzhou Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443283","display_name":"Yuhang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-0323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423138","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353515","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-9098"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Center of Competence (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Center of Competence (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036145098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.5294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91667414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1054","last_page":"1054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toeplitz-matrix","display_name":"Toeplitz matrix","score":0.7981460690498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6959673762321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.673323392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.6185799837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5917801260948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.4418447017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4387483298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-matrix-inversion","display_name":"Sample matrix inversion","score":0.42389440536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.42044365406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.2582879960536957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1922893524169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16336771845817566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147710293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849428","display_name":"Toeplitz matrix","level":2,"score":0.7981460690498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6959673762321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.673323392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.6185799837112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5917801260948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.4418447017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4387483298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62403268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410141","display_name":"Sample matrix inversion","level":3,"score":0.42389440536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42044365406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.2582879960536957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1922893524169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16336771845817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1054/pdf?version=1676612510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e9862be80fd4c2b8832f1c585b719a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e9862be80fd4c2b8832f1c585b719a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 1054 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/1054/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1054/pdf?version=1676612510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2913037386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320918897.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320918897.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633751774","https://openalex.org/W2047954521","https://openalex.org/W2052347831","https://openalex.org/W2071284784","https://openalex.org/W2072134949","https://openalex.org/W2073032214","https://openalex.org/W2097256214","https://openalex.org/W2105467943","https://openalex.org/W2112258609","https://openalex.org/W2114838992","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2140019524","https://openalex.org/W2146000945","https://openalex.org/W2146247053","https://openalex.org/W2148154358","https://openalex.org/W2148525506","https://openalex.org/W2512433570","https://openalex.org/W2548043263","https://openalex.org/W2588123883","https://openalex.org/W2596873572","https://openalex.org/W2605368703","https://openalex.org/W2737840656","https://openalex.org/W2963927147","https://openalex.org/W3012177255","https://openalex.org/W3043666057","https://openalex.org/W3096398075","https://openalex.org/W3120987266","https://openalex.org/W3122325486","https://openalex.org/W3138406528","https://openalex.org/W3160456816","https://openalex.org/W3184906530","https://openalex.org/W3186719697","https://openalex.org/W3198891199","https://openalex.org/W3210483277","https://openalex.org/W4205954621","https://openalex.org/W4213413595","https://openalex.org/W4214716606","https://openalex.org/W4226296434","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4285228654","https://openalex.org/W4292968279","https://openalex.org/W4296437776","https://openalex.org/W4296705505","https://openalex.org/W4307943469","https://openalex.org/W4311954298","https://openalex.org/W6677070279","https://openalex.org/W6680682279","https://openalex.org/W6808910734","https://openalex.org/W6809697245","https://openalex.org/W6842610391","https://openalex.org/W6843071025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389462125","https://openalex.org/W2091997962","https://openalex.org/W151496359","https://openalex.org/W1969863203","https://openalex.org/W4220662591","https://openalex.org/W856465872","https://openalex.org/W1987843132","https://openalex.org/W3127689436","https://openalex.org/W3198014086","https://openalex.org/W1981675605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85],"a":[1,80,94,137],"distributed":[2],"frequency-modulated":[3],"continuous":[4,15],"waveform":[5],"(FMCW)":[6],"radar":[7,51,70],"system,":[8],"the":[9,17,21,25,75,108,111,118,121,124,131,144,152,158,174,177],"echo":[10,71],"data":[11],"collected":[12],"are":[13],"not":[14],"in":[16,106],"azimuth":[18],"direction,":[19],"so":[20],"imaging":[22,52],"effect":[23],"of":[24,54,74,110,120,123,143,164,176],"traditional":[26],"range-Doppler":[27],"(RD)":[28],"algorithm":[29,39,97],"is":[30,36,63],"poor.":[31],"Sparse":[32],"Bayesian":[33,42],"learning":[34],"(SBL)":[35],"an":[37],"optimization":[38],"based":[40,88],"on":[41,89],"theory":[43],"that":[44,98],"has":[45],"been":[46],"successfully":[47],"applied":[48],"to":[49,102,172],"high-resolution":[50],"because":[53],"its":[55],"strong":[56],"robustness":[57],"and":[58,130,141,168],"high":[59],"accuracy.":[60],"However,":[61],"SBL":[62,77,96],"highly":[64],"computationally":[65],"complex.":[66],"Fortunately,":[67],"with":[68],"FMCW":[69],"data,":[72],"most":[73],"time-consuming":[76],"operations":[78],"involve":[79],"Toeplitz-block":[81],"Toeplitz":[82,128],"(TBT)":[83],"matrix.":[84],"this":[86,90],"article,":[87],"advantage,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"fast":[95,153],"can":[99,114,147],"be":[100,115,148],"used":[101,171],"obtain":[103],"high-angular-resolution":[104],"images,":[105],"which":[107],"inverse":[109],"TBT":[112],"matrix":[113,129,134,145],"transposed":[116],"as":[117],"sum":[119],"products":[122],"block":[125,132],"lower":[126],"triangular":[127],"circulant":[133],"by":[135,161],"using":[136,151],"new":[138],"decomposition":[139],"method,":[140],"some":[142],"multiplications":[146],"quickly":[149],"computed":[150],"Fourier":[154],"transform":[155],"(FFT),":[156],"decreasing":[157],"computation":[159],"time":[160],"several":[162],"orders":[163],"magnitude.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"simulations":[167],"experiments":[169],"were":[170],"ensure":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"proposed":[178],"algorithm.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
