{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320729105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033","title":"Suitable LiDAR Platform for Measuring the 3D Structure of Mangrove Forests","display_name":"Suitable LiDAR Platform for Measuring the 3D Structure of Mangrove Forests","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320729105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1033/pdf?version=1676361916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1033/pdf?version=1676361916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029489841","display_name":"Hideyuki Niwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78928947","display_name":"Kyoto University of Advanced Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00qa6r925","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78928947"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hideyuki Niwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Sogabe-cho Nanjyo Otani, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Sogabe-cho Nanjyo Otani, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78928947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035368773","display_name":"Hajime Ise","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hajime Ise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101082971","display_name":"Mahito Kamada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahito Kamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029489841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78928947"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65626687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1033","last_page":"1033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8459233045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7716885805130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6990433931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mangrove","display_name":"Mangrove","score":0.6442207098007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5615858435630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4687885046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.46253493428230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.41962218284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.4153582453727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.29611411690711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18290975689888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.16219672560691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.10480332374572754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8459233045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7716885805130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6990433931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68874143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19756","display_name":"Mangrove","level":2,"score":0.6442207098007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5615858435630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4687885046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.46253493428230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.41962218284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.4153582453727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29611411690711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18290975689888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.16219672560691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10480332374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1033/pdf?version=1676361916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d2607c94f194f4484e29845f238770f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d2607c94f194f4484e29845f238770f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 1033 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00906:0006784356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tokushima-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2012798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/1033/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1033/pdf?version=1676361916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320729105.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973441056","https://openalex.org/W1990120830","https://openalex.org/W2009550448","https://openalex.org/W2016402591","https://openalex.org/W2016672949","https://openalex.org/W2097960190","https://openalex.org/W2098919237","https://openalex.org/W2137952233","https://openalex.org/W2160615957","https://openalex.org/W2585255211","https://openalex.org/W2604584103","https://openalex.org/W2913079708","https://openalex.org/W2943149949","https://openalex.org/W2949747980","https://openalex.org/W3124708519","https://openalex.org/W3136663229","https://openalex.org/W3146320036","https://openalex.org/W3201664588","https://openalex.org/W4205784121","https://openalex.org/W4242493107","https://openalex.org/W4283829529","https://openalex.org/W4289204800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556044011","https://openalex.org/W2485878535","https://openalex.org/W2741254211","https://openalex.org/W2151470817","https://openalex.org/W1982064128","https://openalex.org/W3002830963","https://openalex.org/W2306763815","https://openalex.org/W2112933271","https://openalex.org/W40947894","https://openalex.org/W2994099181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investigating":[0],"the":[1,22,45,81,91,94,137,156,180,201,210,241,251,267,274,315,325],"three-dimensional":[2],"structure":[3,27,47],"of":[4,43,48,93,136,141,158,203,209,216,228,234,247,260,273,279],"mangrove":[5,15,49,88,311],"forests":[6,16,312],"is":[7,28,36,298,321,341,356],"critical":[8],"for":[9,60,74,84,271],"their":[10,25],"conservation":[11],"and":[12,24,33,40,68,114,129,222,232,288,339],"restoration.":[13],"However,":[14],"are":[17,305],"difficult":[18],"to":[19,54,189],"survey":[20],"in":[21,97,179,238,310,353,360],"field,":[23],"3D":[26,46,344],"poorly":[29],"understood.":[30],"Light":[31],"detection":[32],"ranging":[34],"(LiDAR)":[35],"considered":[37],"an":[38,357],"accurate":[39],"dependable":[41],"method":[42],"measuring":[44,75],"forests.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"aimed":[53],"find":[55],"a":[56,76,175,299],"suitable":[57],"LiDAR":[58,111,119,329,334,337],"platform":[59],"obtaining":[61],"attributes":[62],"such":[63,313,331],"as":[64,71,73,122,124,314,332,351],"breast":[65],"height":[66,253],"diameter":[67],"canopy":[69,252,261,294],"area,":[70],"well":[72,123],"digital":[77],"terrain":[78],"model":[79,254],"(DTM),":[80],"base":[82],"data":[83,108,125],"hydrological":[85],"analysis.":[86],"A":[87],"forest":[89,162],"near":[90],"mouth":[92],"Oura":[95,316],"River":[96],"Aza-Oura,":[98],"Nago":[99],"City,":[100],"Okinawa":[101],"Prefecture,":[102],"Japan,":[103],"was":[104,224,256],"studied.":[105],"We":[106],"used":[107,188],"from":[109,127,151,169],"terrestrial":[110],"scanning":[112,120],"\u201cTLS\u201d":[113],"unmanned":[115],"aerial":[116],"vehicle":[117],"(UAV)":[118],"\u201cULS\u201d":[121],"merged":[126],"TLS":[128,192,221,287],"ULS":[130,152,173,223,289,297],"\u201cMerge\u201d.":[131],"By":[132],"interpolating":[133],"point":[134,177,345],"clouds":[135,178,346],"ground":[138],"surface,":[139],"DTMs":[140,149],"5":[142,145],"cm":[143,146],"\u00d7":[144],"were":[147,236],"created.":[148],"obtained":[150,168],"could":[153,185,193],"not":[154,186],"reproduce":[155],"heaps":[157],"Thalassina":[159],"anomala":[160],"or":[161],"floor":[163],"microtopography":[164],"compared":[165],"with":[166],"those":[167,229],"TLS.":[170],"Considering":[171],"that":[172,208,285],"had":[174],"few":[176],"forest,":[181],"automatic":[182],"trunk":[183],"identification":[184,212,276],"be":[187],"segment":[190,194],"trees.":[191],"trees":[195,204,262],"by":[196,282,348],"automatically":[197],"identifying":[198],"trunks,":[199],"but":[200],"number":[202,215,259],"identified":[205,219,230,263],"roughly":[206],"doubled":[207],"visual":[211,275],"results.":[213,277],"The":[214,245,258],"tree":[217,248,280,293],"crowns":[218],"using":[220,250,264,327],"approximately":[225],"one":[226],"quarter":[227],"visually,":[231],"many":[233],"them":[235],"larger":[237],"area":[239],"than":[240],"visually":[242],"traced":[243],"crowns.":[244],"accuracy":[246],"segmentation":[249,281],"(CHM)":[255],"low.":[257],"Merge":[265],"produced":[266],"best":[268],"results,":[269],"accounting":[270],"61%":[272],"Results":[278],"CHM":[283],"suggest":[284],"combining":[286],"measurements":[290],"may":[291],"improve":[292],"identification.":[295],"Although":[296],"promising":[300],"new":[301],"technology,":[302],"its":[303],"applications":[304],"clearly":[306],"limited,":[307],"at":[308],"least":[309],"River,":[317],"where":[318],"Bruguiera":[319],"gymnorhiza":[320],"dominant.":[322],"Depending":[323],"on":[324],"application,":[326],"different":[328,349],"platforms,":[330,350],"airborne":[333],"scanning,":[335,338],"UAV":[336],"TLS,":[340],"important.":[342],"Merging":[343],"acquired":[347],"proposed":[352],"this":[354,361],"study,":[355],"important":[358],"option":[359],"case.":[362]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
