{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320494337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022","title":"Block-Scrambling-Based Encryption with Deep-Learning-Driven Remote Sensing Image Classification","display_name":"Block-Scrambling-Based Encryption with Deep-Learning-Driven Remote Sensing Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320494337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1022/pdf?version=1676971036","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1022/pdf?version=1676971036","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023687470","display_name":"Faisal S. Alsubaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"Jeddah University","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal S. Alsubaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030591303","display_name":"Amani A. Alneil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amani A. Alneil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 16278, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 16278, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109598022","display_name":"Abdullah Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091747108","display_name":"Anwer Mustafa Hilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anwer Mustafa Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 16278, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 16278, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091747108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.5748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93497708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1022","last_page":"1022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.784756064414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.711527407169342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.6219802498817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5085650682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49643903970718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44085264205932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41056057810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22245478630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1522541642189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13326984643936157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.784756064414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.711527407169342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.6219802498817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5085650682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49643903970718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44085264205932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41056057810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22245478630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1522541642189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13326984643936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1022/pdf?version=1676971036","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1743b68a29094a62a7739aaddbaf87ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1743b68a29094a62a7739aaddbaf87ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 1022 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/1022/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15041022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1022/pdf?version=1676971036","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320494337.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2898784076","https://openalex.org/W2938611142","https://openalex.org/W2974130068","https://openalex.org/W2975677158","https://openalex.org/W2979832172","https://openalex.org/W2990522378","https://openalex.org/W3007930095","https://openalex.org/W3014989400","https://openalex.org/W3017051293","https://openalex.org/W3043465744","https://openalex.org/W3046219758","https://openalex.org/W3116338731","https://openalex.org/W3129108357","https://openalex.org/W3137930073","https://openalex.org/W3154010253","https://openalex.org/W3166176762","https://openalex.org/W3188582854","https://openalex.org/W3196702778","https://openalex.org/W3216230586","https://openalex.org/W4210650983","https://openalex.org/W4225386065","https://openalex.org/W4281717399","https://openalex.org/W4289526864","https://openalex.org/W4307988015","https://openalex.org/W4309613944","https://openalex.org/W4312202522","https://openalex.org/W4313480169","https://openalex.org/W4313579021","https://openalex.org/W4313582012","https://openalex.org/W4313648745","https://openalex.org/W4315778358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W936781193","https://openalex.org/W4297633779","https://openalex.org/W69312893","https://openalex.org/W2349686135","https://openalex.org/W84934912","https://openalex.org/W2353936545","https://openalex.org/W2153933599","https://openalex.org/W2287132719","https://openalex.org/W2384550941","https://openalex.org/W2386594575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0,16],"sensing":[1,17],"is":[2,43,147],"a":[3,11,20,72,98,119,136],"long-distance":[4],"measuring":[5],"technology":[6,18],"that":[7,196],"obtains":[8],"data":[9],"about":[10],"phenomenon":[12],"or":[13],"an":[14],"object.":[15],"plays":[19],"crucial":[21],"role":[22],"in":[23,45],"several":[24],"domains,":[25,48],"such":[26,49,154],"as":[27,50,155],"weather":[28],"forecasts,":[29],"resource":[30],"surveys,":[31],"disaster":[32],"evaluation":[33],"and":[34,53,60,78,125,149,167,185],"environment":[35],"protection.":[36],"The":[37,114,175,193],"application":[38],"of":[39,63,70,112],"remote-sensing":[40],"images":[41],"(RSIs)":[42],"extensive":[44],"some":[46],"specific":[47],"national":[51],"security":[52,69],"business":[54],"secrets.":[55],"Simple":[56],"multimedia":[57],"distribution":[58],"techniques":[59],"the":[61,64,67,93,110,128,140,143,182,186,197,206],"development":[62],"Internet":[65],"make":[66],"content":[68],"RSIs":[71],"significant":[73],"problem":[74],"for":[75,109],"both":[76],"engineers":[77],"scientists.":[79],"In":[80,139],"this":[81],"background,":[82],"RSI":[83,129,183],"classification":[84,106,111,145],"using":[85,181],"deep":[86],"learning":[87],"(DL)":[88],"models":[89],"becomes":[90],"essential.":[91],"Therefore,":[92],"current":[94],"research":[95],"article":[96],"develops":[97],"block-scrambling-based":[99],"encryption":[100,124,130],"with":[101],"privacy":[102],"preserving":[103],"optimal":[104],"deep-learning-driven":[105],"(BSBE-PPODLC)":[107],"technique":[108,117,178],"RSIs.":[113],"presented":[115,198],"BSBE-PPODLC":[116,177,199],"follows":[118],"two-stage":[120],"process,":[121],"i.e.,":[122],"image":[123,144],"classification.":[126],"Initially,":[127],"process":[131,146],"takes":[132],"place":[133],"based":[134],"on":[135],"BSBE":[137],"approach.":[138],"second":[141],"stage,":[142],"performed,":[148],"it":[150],"encompasses":[151],"multiple":[152],"phases,":[153],"densely":[156],"connected":[157],"network":[158],"(DenseNet)":[159],"feature":[160],"extraction,":[161],"extreme":[162],"gradient":[163],"boosting":[164],"(XGBoost)":[165],"classifier":[166],"artificial":[168],"gorilla":[169],"troops":[170],"optimizer":[171],"(AGTO)-based":[172],"hyperparameter":[173],"tuning.":[174],"proposed":[176],"was":[179],"simulated":[180],"dataset,":[184],"outcomes":[187,194],"were":[188],"assessed":[189],"under":[190],"different":[191],"aspects.":[192],"confirmed":[195],"approach":[200],"accomplished":[201],"improved":[202],"performance":[203],"compared":[204],"to":[205],"existing":[207],"models.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}