{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319968611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955","title":"Estimation of Cotton Nitrogen Content Based on Multi-Angle Hyperspectral Data and Machine Learning Models","display_name":"Estimation of Cotton Nitrogen Content Based on Multi-Angle Hyperspectral Data and Machine Learning Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319968611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/955/pdf?version=1675937811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/955/pdf?version=1675937811","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087128685","display_name":"Xiaoting Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023269918","display_name":"Mi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340511","display_name":"Xiangyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-5954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085632500","display_name":"Lulu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044496081","display_name":"Caixia Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-3148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caixia Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087118362","display_name":"Shizhe Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhe Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364552","display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-4895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000574920","display_name":"Xin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5431-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379796","display_name":"Ze Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Oasis Eco-Agriculture Key Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100379796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.4211,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94182515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"955","last_page":"955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8521324396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.5895448923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.583580493927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.57908034324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5714137554168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.5567222833633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5355873703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.508389413356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-index","display_name":"Spectral index","score":0.41987118124961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.4134887158870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34921127557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.2886999249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.21732857823371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.13824737071990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.11965480446815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.10260164737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10218256711959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08675393462181091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07525283098220825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8521324396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.5895448923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.583580493927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.57908034324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5714137554168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.5567222833633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5355873703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.508389413356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42061751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280060","display_name":"Spectral index","level":3,"score":0.41987118124961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.4134887158870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34921127557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.2886999249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.21732857823371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.13824737071990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11965480446815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.10260164737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10218256711959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08675393462181091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07525283098220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/955/pdf?version=1675937811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b87e5b0f4a846c3b7732477bf583070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b87e5b0f4a846c3b7732477bf583070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 955 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/4/955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 4; Pages: 955","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/955/pdf?version=1675937811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1961565422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CB002-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2623949490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42061058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397241652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42061058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4114000226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFD2002401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319968611.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1260563749","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1971070487","https://openalex.org/W1978223575","https://openalex.org/W1980298608","https://openalex.org/W1991929991","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2004430076","https://openalex.org/W2007037136","https://openalex.org/W2007650489","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2016239143","https://openalex.org/W2018027183","https://openalex.org/W2018798426","https://openalex.org/W2019248281","https://openalex.org/W2022446359","https://openalex.org/W2022631288","https://openalex.org/W2025757188","https://openalex.org/W2030233869","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2036259807","https://openalex.org/W2046450726","https://openalex.org/W2068950233","https://openalex.org/W2079842406","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2109006150","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2129804846","https://openalex.org/W2133506218","https://openalex.org/W2139915136","https://openalex.org/W2145058632","https://openalex.org/W2147661828","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2170909719","https://openalex.org/W2176972851","https://openalex.org/W2202464059","https://openalex.org/W2267350648","https://openalex.org/W2306416935","https://openalex.org/W2546473923","https://openalex.org/W2611532897","https://openalex.org/W2738290212","https://openalex.org/W2770928509","https://openalex.org/W2773205809","https://openalex.org/W2801669777","https://openalex.org/W2896845224","https://openalex.org/W2953990835","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W2993884728","https://openalex.org/W3088588527","https://openalex.org/W3162408390","https://openalex.org/W4283215110","https://openalex.org/W4292792063","https://openalex.org/W4306964465","https://openalex.org/W4308284193","https://openalex.org/W4308971964","https://openalex.org/W4319289039","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6685135839","https://openalex.org/W6746637936","https://openalex.org/W6849296793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973420875","https://openalex.org/W4239881177","https://openalex.org/W2905078199","https://openalex.org/W2885136652","https://openalex.org/W4387605512","https://openalex.org/W3001590225","https://openalex.org/W4200042136","https://openalex.org/W1976771393","https://openalex.org/W799848979","https://openalex.org/W4244956381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"crop":[1,370],"growth":[2],"monitoring":[3,56],"and":[4,24,87,118,159,209,224,234,242,247,269,302,315,329,383],"agricultural":[5],"management,":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8,44,69,135,176,216,240,351],"important":[9],"to":[10,16,34,47,98,124,137,149,165,178,280,311,353,357,377],"use":[11,365,380],"hyperspectral":[12],"remote":[13,54],"sensing":[14,55],"techniques":[15],"estimate":[17,99,150,341],"canopy":[18],"nitrogen":[19,37,49,85,101,183],"content":[20],"in":[21,80,104,109,140,152,213,274,285,369],"a":[22,72],"timely":[23],"accurate":[25],"manner.":[26],"The":[27,92,180,199,361],"traditional":[28,253],"nadir":[29],"method":[30,57,121,310],"has":[31],"limited":[32],"ability":[33,144],"assess":[35],"the":[36,52,61,81,89,95,119,126,143,146,160,167,192,203,206,210,219,225,252,258,270,275,286,290,293,298,307,316,320,337,348,364,379],"trophic":[38],"state":[39],"of":[40,74,94,145,272,297,319,366,381],"cotton":[41,105,153,342,358],"shoots,":[42],"which":[43,76,373],"not":[45],"conducive":[46,356],"high-precision":[48],"inversion,":[50],"whereas":[51],"multi-angle":[53,66,367],"can":[58,340],"effectively":[59],"extract":[60],"canopy\u2019s":[62],"physicochemical":[63],"information.":[64],"However,":[65],"spectral":[67,96,128,147,169,207],"information":[68],"affected":[70],"by":[71],"variety":[73],"factors,":[75],"frequently":[77],"causes":[78],"shifts":[79],"band":[82,129,170],"associated":[83],"with":[84,130,171,251,261,306],"uptake,":[86],"lowers":[88],"estimation":[90,295],"accuracy.":[91],"capacity":[93],"index":[97,148,184,208,339],"aerial":[100],"concentration":[102],"(ANC)":[103],"was":[106,122,154,163,189,278,304,325],"therefore":[107],"investigated":[108],"this":[110,141,214],"work":[111],"under":[112,156,263,344],"various":[113,187],"observation":[114],"zenith":[115],"angles":[116],"(VZAs),":[117],"Relief\u2212F":[120],"employed":[123],"select":[125],"best":[127,259],"weight":[131,172],"for":[132,173,186],"ANC":[133,151,174,211,235,262,273,294,343,359],"that":[134,175,202,284,336],"insensitive":[136,177,182],"VZA.":[138,179],"Therefore,":[139],"study,":[142],"explored":[155],"different":[157,264,345],"VZAs,":[158],"Relief-F":[161],"algorithm":[162],"used":[164],"optimize":[166],"optimal":[168,299],"angle":[181],"(AINI)":[185],"VZAs":[188,265],"calculated":[190],"using":[191],"expression":[193],"(R530":[194],"\u2212":[195],"R704)/(R1412":[196],"+":[197],"R704).":[198],"results":[200],"show":[201],"correlation":[204,220,226,260],"between":[205,221,228],"chosen":[212],"study":[215,334],"stronger":[217],"than":[218,283],"off-nadir":[222],"observations,":[223],"coefficients":[227],"Photochemical":[229],"Reflectance":[230],"Index":[231],"(PRI),":[232],"AINI,":[233],"are":[236],"highest":[237],"when":[238],"VZA":[239],"\u221220\u00b0":[241],"\u221250\u00b0":[243],"(r":[244,266],"=":[245,327,331],"0.866":[246],"0.893,":[248],"respectively).":[249],"Compared":[250],"vegetation":[254],"index,":[255],"AINI":[256,301,338],"had":[257],"&gt;":[267],"0.84),":[268],"performance":[271],"backscatter":[276],"direction":[277,350],"estimated":[279],"be":[281,354],"better":[282,313],"forward-scatter":[287],"direction.":[288],"At":[289],"same":[291],"time,":[292],"model":[296,324],"indices":[300],"PRI":[303],"combined":[305],"machine":[308],"learning":[309],"achieve":[312],"accuracy,":[314],"prediction":[317],"accuracy":[318],"random":[321],"forest":[322],"(RF)":[323],"R2":[326],"0.98":[328],"RMSE":[330],"0.590.":[332],"This":[333],"shows":[335],"VZAs.":[346],"Simultaneously,":[347],"backscattered":[349],"revealed":[352],"more":[355],"estimation.":[360],"findings":[362],"encourage":[363],"observations":[368],"nutrient":[371],"estimation,":[372],"will":[374],"also":[375],"help":[376],"improve":[378],"ground-based":[382],"satellite":[384],"sensors.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
