{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319084067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854","title":"Estimation of Leaf Nitrogen Content in Rice Using Vegetation Indices and Feature Variable Optimization with Information Fusion of Multiple-Sensor Images from UAV","display_name":"Estimation of Leaf Nitrogen Content in Rice Using Vegetation Indices and Feature Variable Optimization with Information Fusion of Multiple-Sensor Images from UAV","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319084067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/854/pdf?version=1675410760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/854/pdf?version=1675410760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076779095","display_name":"Sizhe Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070651286","display_name":"Xingang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8473-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062570352","display_name":"Clive Blacker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clive Blacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Map of Ag, Woodbridge IP12 1BL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Map of Ag, Woodbridge IP12 1BL, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026358256","display_name":"Rachel Gaulton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-0298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Gaulton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035907827","display_name":"Qingzhen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620320","display_name":"Meng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020713851","display_name":"Guijun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guijun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444669","display_name":"Jianmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-231X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155317","display_name":"Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0516wpz95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Demonstration Center of The Quality Agricultural Products, Tianjin 301508, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Demonstration Center of The Quality Agricultural Products, Tianjin 301508, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011668917","display_name":"Yongan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155317","display_name":"Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0516wpz95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Demonstration Center of The Quality Agricultural Products, Tianjin 301508, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Demonstration Center of The Quality Agricultural Products, Tianjin 301508, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101709809","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2589-4966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057558937","display_name":"Hanyu Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyu Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925310","display_name":"Xiaodong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-6510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112325485","display_name":"Liping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070651286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210156423"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.5263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99121125,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"854","last_page":"854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8673451542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.564844012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5617853999137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5475451350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5454308986663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.44309040904045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.4376777410507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3712112307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3265446424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1915905773639679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8673451542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.564844012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5617853999137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5475451350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5454308986663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.44309040904045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.4376777410507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3712112307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3265446424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1915905773639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/854/pdf?version=1675410760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc2a4553bd634b388c43dffcfa687c1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc2a4553bd634b388c43dffcfa687c1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 854 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:289862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/854/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/854/pdf?version=1675410760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5984426350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0125300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7346444997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJCX20210433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G970175347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CARS-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319084067.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48839202","https://openalex.org/W1964969432","https://openalex.org/W1982755765","https://openalex.org/W1989179819","https://openalex.org/W2000613913","https://openalex.org/W2025967407","https://openalex.org/W2036259807","https://openalex.org/W2064013109","https://openalex.org/W2087047858","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2089464686","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2097018019","https://openalex.org/W2099688984","https://openalex.org/W2108062136","https://openalex.org/W2111947859","https://openalex.org/W2125459357","https://openalex.org/W2133813344","https://openalex.org/W2159263823","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2201688320","https://openalex.org/W2332208325","https://openalex.org/W2475698673","https://openalex.org/W2569479441","https://openalex.org/W2586164282","https://openalex.org/W2755734574","https://openalex.org/W2760888277","https://openalex.org/W2804616917","https://openalex.org/W2806325719","https://openalex.org/W2886759672","https://openalex.org/W2895994027","https://openalex.org/W2914390555","https://openalex.org/W2914965988","https://openalex.org/W2916905464","https://openalex.org/W2937578908","https://openalex.org/W2950334518","https://openalex.org/W2969790438","https://openalex.org/W2970686488","https://openalex.org/W2996062047","https://openalex.org/W3007651920","https://openalex.org/W3008712295","https://openalex.org/W3014443006","https://openalex.org/W3038890942","https://openalex.org/W3092817527","https://openalex.org/W3098958405","https://openalex.org/W3105571753","https://openalex.org/W3113291402","https://openalex.org/W3117450682","https://openalex.org/W3123685232","https://openalex.org/W3128822263","https://openalex.org/W3135871359","https://openalex.org/W3139145455","https://openalex.org/W3157671282","https://openalex.org/W3160910672","https://openalex.org/W3176683426","https://openalex.org/W3189992775","https://openalex.org/W3194174017","https://openalex.org/W3198159648","https://openalex.org/W3202272562","https://openalex.org/W3208184630","https://openalex.org/W3211745207","https://openalex.org/W3213115083","https://openalex.org/W4206617120","https://openalex.org/W4308105857","https://openalex.org/W6733071987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580699584","https://openalex.org/W4252650332","https://openalex.org/W3094657558","https://openalex.org/W2792279927","https://openalex.org/W2078415748","https://openalex.org/W4385497869","https://openalex.org/W2805159267","https://openalex.org/W283587633","https://openalex.org/W4240358042","https://openalex.org/W1949943367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LNC":[0,201,231,253,291],"(leaf":[1],"nitrogen":[2,33,48,85],"content)":[3],"in":[4,30,229,232,254,307],"crops":[5,36,141],"is":[6,207],"significant":[7],"for":[8,81,252,300],"diagnosing":[9],"the":[10,32,38,70,83,112,116,144,157,163,183,187,198,204,214,219,225,235,243,249,271,281,289,302],"crop":[11,47,84],"growth":[12],"status":[13],"and":[14,105,111,124,162,177,246,261],"guiding":[15,301],"fertilization":[16,306],"decisions.":[17],"Currently,":[18],"UAV":[19,51,79,149,278],"(unmanned":[20],"aerial":[21],"vehicles)":[22],"remote":[23],"sensing":[24],"has":[25],"played":[26],"an":[27,257,262],"important":[28],"role":[29],"estimating":[31],"nutrition":[34],"of":[35,45,60,72,78,102,115,148,153,200,259,264,274,283,305],"at":[37],"field":[39],"scale.":[40],"However,":[41],"many":[42],"existing":[43],"methods":[44,152,282],"evaluating":[46,230],"based":[49],"on":[50,109],"imaging":[52],"techniques":[53],"usually":[54],"have":[55],"used":[56,134,189],"a":[57,211,298],"single":[58],"type":[59],"imagery":[61,80,276],"such":[62],"as":[63],"RGB":[64,104],"or":[65],"multispectral":[66,106,117,216,227],"images,":[67],"seldom":[68],"considering":[69],"usage":[71],"information":[73,272],"fusion":[74,205,273],"from":[75,99,140,277],"different":[76],"types":[77],"assessing":[82],"status.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"study,":[89],"GS":[90],"(Gram\u2013Schmidt":[91],"Pan":[92],"Sharpening)":[93],"was":[94,133],"utilized":[95],"to":[96,135,143,181,186,213,241],"fuse":[97],"images":[98,221,228],"two":[100,172],"sensors":[101],"digital":[103],"cameras":[107,118],"mounted":[108],"UAV,":[110],"specific":[113],"bands":[114],"are":[119],"blue,":[120],"green,":[121],"red,":[122],"rededge":[123],"NIR.":[125],"The":[126,193],"color":[127],"space":[128],"transformation":[129],"method,":[130,238],"HSV":[131],"(Hue-Saturation-Value),":[132],"separate":[136],"soil":[137],"background":[138],"noise":[139],"due":[142],"high":[145],"spatial":[146],"resolution":[147],"images.":[150],"Two":[151],"optimizing":[154,284],"feature":[155,285],"variables,":[156],"Successive":[158],"Projection":[159],"Algorithm":[160],"(SPA)":[161],"Competitive":[164],"Adaptive":[165],"Reweighted":[166],"Sampling":[167],"method":[168],"(CARS),":[169],"combined":[170,237],"with":[171,256,280],"regularization":[173],"regression":[174],"algorithms,":[175],"LASSO":[176],"RIDGE,":[178],"were":[179],"adopted":[180],"estimate":[182,288],"LNC,":[184],"compared":[185],"commonly":[188],"Random":[190],"Forest":[191],"algorithm.":[192],"results":[194],"showed":[195],"that:":[196],"(1)":[197],"accuracy":[199],"estimation":[202],"using":[203,239],"image":[206],"improved":[208],"distinctly":[209],"by":[210],"comparison":[212],"original":[215,226],"image;":[217],"(2)":[218],"denoised":[220],"performed":[222],"better":[223],"than":[224],"rice;":[233],"(3)":[234],"RIDGE-SPA":[236],"SPA":[240],"select":[242],"MCARI,":[244],"SAVI":[245],"OSAVI,":[247],"had":[248],"best":[250],"performance":[251],"rice,":[255],"R2":[258],"0.76":[260],"RMSE":[263],"10.33%.":[265],"It":[266],"can":[267,287,295],"be":[268],"demonstrated":[269],"that":[270],"multiple-sensor":[275],"coupling":[279],"variables":[286],"rice":[290,308],"more":[292],"effectively,":[293],"which":[294],"also":[296],"provide":[297],"reference":[299],"decision":[303],"making":[304],"fields.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
