{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319019115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831","title":"Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Based on Metric Learning and Local Descriptors","display_name":"Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Based on Metric Learning and Local Descriptors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319019115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/831/pdf?version=1675854396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/831/pdf?version=1675854396","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034890057","display_name":"Zhengwu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008037450","display_name":"Chan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023363829","display_name":"Aixia Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aixia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003026929","display_name":"Wendong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-8912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340740","display_name":"Wang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-3575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023363829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.7523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95430968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"831","last_page":"831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7092628479003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6718682646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6573807597160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5564525127410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5127366781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5099185705184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46740442514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.44839704036712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.442113995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42148974537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.415300577878952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3725125789642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10951799154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10529491305351257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7092628479003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6718682646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6573807597160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5564525127410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5127366781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5099185705184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46740442514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.44839704036712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.442113995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42148974537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.415300577878952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3725125789642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10951799154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10529491305351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/831/pdf?version=1675854396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:354116b7661c49f086605b346cad0a5e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/354116b7661c49f086605b346cad0a5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 831 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/831/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/831/pdf?version=1675854396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319019115.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589362500","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2067178723","https://openalex.org/W2150295085","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2904008038","https://openalex.org/W2921700058","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2963341924","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2996836954","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3088971399","https://openalex.org/W3096675569","https://openalex.org/W3104355817","https://openalex.org/W3119125170","https://openalex.org/W3120080208","https://openalex.org/W3131937156","https://openalex.org/W3134663792","https://openalex.org/W3137391901","https://openalex.org/W3165629794","https://openalex.org/W3188824417","https://openalex.org/W3195086607","https://openalex.org/W3200370304","https://openalex.org/W3200705513","https://openalex.org/W3205863130","https://openalex.org/W3207506706","https://openalex.org/W4200265866","https://openalex.org/W4206470192","https://openalex.org/W4214725994","https://openalex.org/W4285505614","https://openalex.org/W4285992154","https://openalex.org/W4289656492","https://openalex.org/W4289821916","https://openalex.org/W4290994978","https://openalex.org/W4293731866","https://openalex.org/W4300833946","https://openalex.org/W4313627848","https://openalex.org/W6682222085","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6756519181","https://openalex.org/W6760184523","https://openalex.org/W6762744983","https://openalex.org/W6791743587","https://openalex.org/W6799322204","https://openalex.org/W6801368565","https://openalex.org/W6801559280","https://openalex.org/W6839761106","https://openalex.org/W6842590485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060018656","https://openalex.org/W2742991909","https://openalex.org/W2509146328","https://openalex.org/W3047965787","https://openalex.org/W133358225","https://openalex.org/W2508908072","https://openalex.org/W2293915134","https://openalex.org/W2543670224","https://openalex.org/W2055384367","https://openalex.org/W2524217084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scene":[0],"classification":[1,79,190],"is":[2,74,96,103,117,154,162],"a":[3,58,64,122,151],"critical":[4],"technology":[5],"to":[6,76,105,110,133],"solve":[7],"the":[8,26,78,86,107,126,135,149,156,160,166,187,194],"challenges":[9],"of":[10,28,81,88,129,159,168],"image":[11,14,161],"search":[12],"and":[13,21,49,70,101,143,181],"recognition.":[15],"It":[16],"has":[17],"become":[18],"an":[19],"indispensable":[20],"challenging":[22],"research":[23],"topic":[24],"in":[25],"field":[27],"remote":[29,82],"sensing.":[30],"At":[31],"present,":[32],"most":[33,195],"scene":[34,189],"classifications":[35],"are":[36,50,172],"solved":[37],"by":[38,119,164],"deep":[39,130],"neural":[40,131],"networks.":[41],"However,":[42],"existing":[43],"methods":[44],"require":[45],"large-scale":[46],"training":[47,94],"samples":[48],"not":[51],"suitable":[52],"for":[53,125,139],"actual":[54],"scenarios":[55],"with":[56],"only":[57],"few":[59],"samples.":[60],"For":[61],"this":[62],"reason,":[63],"framework":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,85,174,198],"metric":[68,153],"learning":[69],"local":[71,169],"descriptors":[72],"(MLLD)":[73],"proposed":[75,188],"enhance":[77],"effect":[80],"sensing":[83],"scenes":[84],"basis":[87],"few-shot.":[89],"Specifically,":[90],"MLLD":[91,120],"adopts":[92],"task-level":[93],"that":[95,186],"carried":[97],"out":[98],"through":[99],"meta-learning,":[100],"meta-knowledge":[102],"learned":[104],"improve":[106],"model\u2019s":[108],"ability":[109],"recognize":[111],"different":[112],"categories.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"Manifold":[115],"Mixup":[116],"introduced":[118],"as":[121],"feature":[123],"processor":[124],"hidden":[127,145],"layer":[128,146],"networks":[132],"increase":[134],"low":[136],"confidence":[137],"space":[138],"smoother":[140],"decision":[141],"boundaries":[142],"simpler":[144],"representations.":[147],"In":[148],"end,":[150],"learnable":[152],"introduced;":[155],"nearest":[157],"category":[158],"matched":[163],"measuring":[165],"similarity":[167],"descriptors.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"conducted":[173],"three":[175],"public":[176],"datasets:":[177],"UC":[178],"Merced,":[179],"WHU-RS19,":[180],"NWPU-RESISC45.":[182],"Experimental":[183],"results":[184,197],"show":[185],"method":[191],"can":[192],"achieve":[193],"advanced":[196],"limited":[199],"datasets.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
