{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318205545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723","title":"Fused Thermal and RGB Imagery for Robust Detection and Classification of Dynamic Objects in Mixed Datasets via Pre-Trained High-Level CNN","display_name":"Fused Thermal and RGB Imagery for Robust Detection and Classification of Dynamic Objects in Mixed Datasets via Pre-Trained High-Level CNN","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318205545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/723/pdf?version=1675687222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/723/pdf?version=1675687222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062502428","display_name":"Ravit Ben-Shoushan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravit Ben-Shoushan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spectroscopy & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Spatial Analysis Research Center (UHCSISR), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectroscopy & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Spatial Analysis Research Center (UHCSISR), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050831226","display_name":"Anna Brook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-6581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Brook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spectroscopy & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Spatial Analysis Research Center (UHCSISR), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-6581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectroscopy & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Spatial Analysis Research Center (UHCSISR), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050831226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.9769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72784055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"723","last_page":"723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.78778076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5999816656112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.550683319568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.542877733707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5129901766777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5073358416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38121283054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36631232500076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0862351655960083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78778076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5999816656112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.550683319568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.542877733707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5129901766777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5073358416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38121283054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36631232500076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0862351655960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/723/pdf?version=1675687222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a0fab436d9ca4536aad44140de080ab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a0fab436d9ca4536aad44140de080ab9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 723 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/723/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 723","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/723/pdf?version=1675687222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318205545.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1522046140","https://openalex.org/W1988177629","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2114066324","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2526468814","https://openalex.org/W2561059621","https://openalex.org/W2739489114","https://openalex.org/W2753704268","https://openalex.org/W2766065559","https://openalex.org/W2776081628","https://openalex.org/W2793586828","https://openalex.org/W2794048225","https://openalex.org/W2798987894","https://openalex.org/W2800324071","https://openalex.org/W2809795042","https://openalex.org/W2812952439","https://openalex.org/W2886216548","https://openalex.org/W2904483643","https://openalex.org/W2914625278","https://openalex.org/W2924114011","https://openalex.org/W2940852805","https://openalex.org/W2944383542","https://openalex.org/W2944879385","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963813458","https://openalex.org/W2963853763","https://openalex.org/W2969791356","https://openalex.org/W2971071255","https://openalex.org/W2991329367","https://openalex.org/W3012481664","https://openalex.org/W3013274043","https://openalex.org/W3023203534","https://openalex.org/W3028190729","https://openalex.org/W3045897451","https://openalex.org/W3046421354","https://openalex.org/W3082213352","https://openalex.org/W3090665430","https://openalex.org/W3092641612","https://openalex.org/W3097953352","https://openalex.org/W3105639468","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3112803832","https://openalex.org/W3115065964","https://openalex.org/W3120153504","https://openalex.org/W3120437804","https://openalex.org/W3133190857","https://openalex.org/W3160801637","https://openalex.org/W3161049446","https://openalex.org/W3170466509","https://openalex.org/W3210881220","https://openalex.org/W4210598935","https://openalex.org/W4213267140","https://openalex.org/W4220832597","https://openalex.org/W4220939487","https://openalex.org/W6631230401","https://openalex.org/W6766638922","https://openalex.org/W6874853352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541791370","https://openalex.org/W2283162247","https://openalex.org/W2774550181","https://openalex.org/W4212983513","https://openalex.org/W2035976912","https://openalex.org/W2524507886","https://openalex.org/W2314488738","https://openalex.org/W2052518016","https://openalex.org/W2771653066","https://openalex.org/W2085956791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"vehicles":[1,257],"with":[2,11,227],"embedded":[3],"Autonomous":[4],"Vehicle":[5],"(AV)":[6],"technologies":[7],"are":[8,83],"currently":[9],"equipped":[10],"different":[12],"types":[13],"of":[14,48,65,93,108,142,179,197,204,250],"mounted":[15],"sensors,":[16,144],"aiming":[17],"to":[18,32,37,101,134,163,194],"ensure":[19],"safe":[20],"movement":[21],"for":[22,44,214,243],"both":[23,265],"passengers":[24],"and":[25,34,67,76,99,127,149,183,216,229,232,252,258,267],"other":[26,94],"road":[27,95],"users.":[28],"The":[29,131,168,177,189,219,246],"sensors\u2019":[30],"ability":[31],"capture":[33],"gather":[35],"data":[36,147,182],"be":[38],"synchronically":[39],"interpreted":[40],"by":[41,53,155],"neural":[42],"networks":[43],"a":[45,111,116,121,156,201,244],"clear":[46],"understanding":[47],"the":[49,91,102,106,139,171,180,195,205,261],"surroundings":[50,206],"is":[51,97,114,133,166],"influenced":[52],"lighting":[54,59,62,236],"conditions,":[55,70,239],"such":[56,71,145],"as":[57,72,86,146,240,256],"natural":[58],"levels,":[60],"artificial":[61],"effects,":[63],"time":[64],"day,":[66],"various":[68],"weather":[69],"rain,":[73],"fog,":[74],"haze,":[75],"extreme":[77],"temperatures.":[78],"Such":[79],"changing":[80],"environmental":[81,209,238],"conditions":[82,210],"also":[84],"known":[85],"complex":[87,112,262],"environments.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"appearance":[92],"users":[96],"varied":[98,208],"relative":[100],"vehicle\u2019s":[103],"perspective;":[104],"thus,":[105],"identification":[107],"features":[109],"in":[110,174,211,264],"background":[113,263],"still":[115],"challenge.":[117],"This":[118],"paper":[119],"presents":[120],"pre-processing":[122],"method":[123,220],"using":[124],"multi-sensorial":[125],"RGB":[126],"thermal":[128],"camera":[129],"data.":[130],"aim":[132],"handle":[135],"issues":[136],"arising":[137],"from":[138,260],"combined":[140],"inputs":[141],"multiple":[143],"registration":[148],"value":[150,192],"unification.":[151],"Foreground":[152],"refinement,":[153],"followed":[154],"novel":[157],"statistical":[158],"anomaly-based":[159],"feature":[160,230],"extraction":[161],"prior":[162],"image":[164],"fusion,":[165],"presented.":[167],"results":[169],"met":[170],"AV":[172],"challenges":[173],"CNN\u2019s":[175],"classification.":[176],"reduction":[178],"collected":[181],"its":[184],"variation":[185],"level":[186],"was":[187,248],"achieved.":[188],"unified":[190],"physical":[191],"contributed":[193],"robustness":[196],"input":[198,242],"data,":[199],"providing":[200],"better":[202],"perception":[203],"under":[207],"mixed":[212],"datasets":[213],"day":[215],"night":[217],"images.":[218,269],"presented":[221],"uses":[222],"fused":[223],"images,":[224],"robustly":[225],"enriched":[226],"texture":[228],"depth":[231],"reduced":[233],"dependency":[234],"on":[235],"or":[237],"an":[241],"CNN.":[245],"CNN":[247],"capable":[249],"extracting":[251],"classifying":[253],"dynamic":[254],"objects":[255],"pedestrians":[259],"daylight":[266],"nightlight":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2023-01-27T00:00:00"}