{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318052574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716","title":"Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the GDP in Henan Province Based on Nighttime Light Data","display_name":"Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the GDP in Henan Province Based on Nighttime Light Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318052574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/716/pdf?version=1675749840","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/716/pdf?version=1675749840","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077847638","display_name":"Zongze Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongze Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006295510","display_name":"Xiaojie Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049396283","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-2674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530528","display_name":"Gang Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074711543","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-7318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108740842","display_name":"Hongtao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1226-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011645450","display_name":"Bingke Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingke Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049396283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.9217,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95872969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"716","last_page":"716"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13850","display_name":"Night-time city culture","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatialization","display_name":"Spatialization","score":0.8349950313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"Gross domestic product","score":0.7658998966217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-change","display_name":"Spatial change","score":0.5325742363929749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.5297133922576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.49273422360420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4911927878856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4468129277229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42218053340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4161873459815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.24610117077827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2168290615081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.18165162205696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.17769208550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14439406991004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.118691086769104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777031145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4430987","display_name":"Spatialization","level":2,"score":0.8349950313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.7658998966217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993836695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial change","level":2,"score":0.5325742363929749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.5297133922576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49273422360420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4911927878856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4468129277229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42218053340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4161873459815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.24610117077827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2168290615081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18165162205696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.17769208550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14439406991004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.118691086769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/716/pdf?version=1675749840","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:820f24bf08ed4c80ac6bbb7715737087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/820f24bf08ed4c80ac6bbb7715737087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 716 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/716/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/716/pdf?version=1675749840","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2917617564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212300410150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G326259616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21B420001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4508556980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8841609084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B2018-24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318052574.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969901116","https://openalex.org/W1975642551","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1982735913","https://openalex.org/W1994079345","https://openalex.org/W2000362707","https://openalex.org/W2001301790","https://openalex.org/W2008905291","https://openalex.org/W2017708700","https://openalex.org/W2023970490","https://openalex.org/W2052133049","https://openalex.org/W2073199141","https://openalex.org/W2082631593","https://openalex.org/W2086610502","https://openalex.org/W2102750894","https://openalex.org/W2146585403","https://openalex.org/W2146842130","https://openalex.org/W2149301680","https://openalex.org/W2221419061","https://openalex.org/W2254584107","https://openalex.org/W2349740915","https://openalex.org/W2367508757","https://openalex.org/W2370589522","https://openalex.org/W2371573971","https://openalex.org/W2517371515","https://openalex.org/W2570881823","https://openalex.org/W2591321389","https://openalex.org/W2591436041","https://openalex.org/W2605064271","https://openalex.org/W2618085769","https://openalex.org/W2725871091","https://openalex.org/W2805825298","https://openalex.org/W2898271830","https://openalex.org/W2911142696","https://openalex.org/W2924483671","https://openalex.org/W2943194337","https://openalex.org/W2973807397","https://openalex.org/W2975320293","https://openalex.org/W2994128586","https://openalex.org/W3032409881","https://openalex.org/W3089919509","https://openalex.org/W3098124815","https://openalex.org/W3125786740","https://openalex.org/W3132275499","https://openalex.org/W4200618839","https://openalex.org/W4251849772","https://openalex.org/W4289347097","https://openalex.org/W6707570537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W825479045","https://openalex.org/W2029664475","https://openalex.org/W2348190688","https://openalex.org/W2359234221","https://openalex.org/W2348078813","https://openalex.org/W2375543237","https://openalex.org/W2414855069","https://openalex.org/W3030744205","https://openalex.org/W2355701312","https://openalex.org/W2349780717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"collection":[1],"of":[2,55,82,103,159],"traditional":[3],"administrative":[4],"unit-based":[5],"gross":[6],"domestic":[7],"product":[8],"(GDP)":[9],"data":[10,17,27,68],"is":[11,191],"time-consuming":[12],"and":[13,15,44,61,78,87,94,100,112,117,123,129,163,193],"laborious,":[14],"the":[16,56,70,83,104,110,118,127,149,156,164,194,200],"lacks":[18],"accurate":[19],"spatial":[20,42,53,151],"information.":[21],"Long-term":[22],"series":[23],"nighttime":[24],"light":[25],"(NTL)":[26],"can":[28,36,146],"provide":[29],"effective":[30],"spatiotemporal":[31],"GDP":[32,62,84,138,150],"change":[33],"information,":[34],"which":[35],"be":[37],"used":[38],"to":[39,73,187,199],"analyze":[40],"economies\u2019":[41],"distributions":[43],"development":[45,124,181],"trends.":[46],"In":[47,153],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"generated":[51],"a":[52,76,89],"model":[54],"relationship":[57],"between":[58],"NTL":[59,67,144],"indices":[60],"parameters,":[63],"based":[64,141],"on":[65,142],"NPP-VIIRS-like":[66,143],"for":[69,92],"period":[71],"2001":[72],"2020,":[74],"conducted":[75],"multitemporal":[77],"multilevel":[79],"connectivity":[80],"analysis":[81],"spatialization":[85,139],"data,":[86,140,145],"constructed":[88],"tree":[90],"structure":[91],"horizontal":[93],"vertical":[95],"analysis.":[96],"Standard":[97],"deviation":[98],"ellipses":[99],"economic":[101,106,119,157,165,176,185,189,195],"centers":[102,186,190],"first-level":[105],"connected":[107],"components":[108],"at":[109,126],"provincial":[111,128],"municipal":[113,130],"levels":[114,131,158],"were":[115,132],"generated,":[116],"center":[120,196],"distribution":[121],"range":[122],"direction":[125],"analyzed.":[133],"results":[135],"show":[136],"that":[137],"intuitively":[147],"reflect":[148],"distribution.":[152],"Henan":[154,179],"Province,":[155],"different":[160],"regions":[161,166],"vary,":[162],"represented":[167],"by":[168],"Zhengzhou":[169],"have":[170],"developed":[171],"rapidly,":[172],"driving":[173],"surrounding":[174],"regional":[175],"rapid":[177],"development.":[178],"Province\u2019s":[180],"trend":[182],"from":[183],"single-city":[184],"multicity":[188],"obvious,":[192],"has":[197],"shifted":[198],"southeast.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
