{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318052974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713","title":"Characteristics and Drivers of Marine Heatwaves in 2021 Summer in East Korea Bay, Japan/East Sea","display_name":"Characteristics and Drivers of Marine Heatwaves in 2021 Summer in East Korea Bay, Japan/East Sea","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318052974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/713/pdf?version=1674723549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/713/pdf?version=1674723549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039961005","display_name":"Sijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-7972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040649189","display_name":"Yulong Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103685","display_name":"South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/0192yj155","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072772381","display_name":"Yuting Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3058-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79223203","display_name":"Guangdong Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0462wa640","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China","Research Center for Coastal Environmental Protection and Ecological Remediation, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China","School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Coastal Environmental Protection and Ecological Remediation, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79223203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006299874","display_name":"Yongchui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068089547","display_name":"Changshui Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-0962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changshui Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059323330","display_name":"Kenny Thiam Choy Lim Kam Sian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-8745"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenny T. C. Lim Kam Sian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090106151","display_name":"Changming Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-7602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103685","display_name":"South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/0192yj155","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changming Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090106151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4210103685","https://openalex.org/I4210106122"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8970301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"713","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.6354343295097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.472608357667923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4459380805492401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.42118048667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.41871920228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33692222833633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2932625412940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.257055401802063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.6354343295097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.472608357667923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4459380805492401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.42118048667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.41871920228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33692222833633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2932625412940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.257055401802063}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/713/pdf?version=1674723549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf478309d1d24cc98cea9172d1e92f4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf478309d1d24cc98cea9172d1e92f4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 713 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/713/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 713","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030713","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/713/pdf?version=1674723549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318052974.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972065928","https://openalex.org/W1977136494","https://openalex.org/W2014042014","https://openalex.org/W2017647804","https://openalex.org/W2038494823","https://openalex.org/W2081682483","https://openalex.org/W2081750175","https://openalex.org/W2083522655","https://openalex.org/W2099753271","https://openalex.org/W2118268907","https://openalex.org/W2230443456","https://openalex.org/W2594584909","https://openalex.org/W2735759243","https://openalex.org/W2753315109","https://openalex.org/W2797541543","https://openalex.org/W2886357179","https://openalex.org/W2913564853","https://openalex.org/W2952780249","https://openalex.org/W2959585365","https://openalex.org/W2992633259","https://openalex.org/W3008346068","https://openalex.org/W3011642514","https://openalex.org/W3045816435","https://openalex.org/W3082895389","https://openalex.org/W3093619858","https://openalex.org/W3107200375","https://openalex.org/W3118325222","https://openalex.org/W3124517612","https://openalex.org/W3202783044","https://openalex.org/W3207680573","https://openalex.org/W4210273918","https://openalex.org/W4212921704","https://openalex.org/W4213272360","https://openalex.org/W4225321551","https://openalex.org/W4287149235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010733986","https://openalex.org/W1996287034","https://openalex.org/W2153485971","https://openalex.org/W4313427733","https://openalex.org/W1595180183","https://openalex.org/W3081257409","https://openalex.org/W2020822748","https://openalex.org/W2149938466","https://openalex.org/W2353357840","https://openalex.org/W1991420611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Marine":[0],"heatwaves":[1],"(MHWs)":[2],"are":[3,38,115,144],"persistent,":[4],"discrete,":[5],"extreme":[6],"high-temperature":[7],"events":[8,56,190],"in":[9,39,44,59,65,86,112,124,139,191],"the":[10,36,45,52,60,66,74,79,84,87,102,113,125,134,137,140,147,153,160,163,173,179,187,194,201],"ocean,":[11],"which":[12,49,185],"can":[13],"destructively":[14],"affect":[15],"marine":[16],"ecosystems.":[17],"Using":[18],"satellite":[19],"remote":[20],"sensing":[21],"data":[22,25],"and":[23,81,89,105,117,172],"reanalysis":[24],"from":[26,93],"1982":[27],"to":[28,95,152,198],"2021,":[29],"we":[30],"find":[31],"that":[32,51,101,110,131],"six":[33],"indices":[34],"characterizing":[35],"MHWs":[37,85,109,138],"a":[40],"remarkable":[41],"increasing":[42],"trend":[43],"Japan/East":[46],"Sea":[47],"(JES),":[48],"shows":[50],"most":[53],"severe":[54],"MHW":[55,189],"take":[57],"place":[58],"East":[61],"Korean":[62],"Bay":[63],"(EKB)":[64],"summer":[67,141,188],"of":[68,83,108,136,142],"2021.":[69,97],"Based":[70],"on":[71,78],"this":[72],"finding,":[73],"present":[75],"study":[76],"focuses":[77],"characteristics":[80],"mechanisms":[82,132],"EKB":[88,114,154,180],"its":[90],"adjacent":[91],"areas":[92],"June":[94],"August":[96],"The":[98],"analysis":[99],"reveals":[100],"total":[103],"days":[104],"mean":[106],"intensity":[107],"occur":[111],"1.84":[116],"1.47":[118],"times":[119],"more":[120],"than":[121],"those":[122],"averaged":[123],"JES,":[126],"respectively.":[127],"It":[128],"is":[129],"shown":[130],"for":[133],"occurrences":[135],"2021":[143,192],"caused":[145],"by":[146],"atmospheric":[148],"high-pressure":[149],"system":[150],"moving":[151],"area.":[155,181],"Other":[156,182],"reasons":[157,184],"also":[158],"decrease":[159],"water":[161],"cooling:":[162],"net":[164],"positive":[165],"lateral":[166],"heat":[167],"fluxes":[168],"across":[169],"open":[170],"boundaries,":[171],"weak":[174],"sea":[175],"surface":[176],"wind":[177],"over":[178],"possible":[183],"cause":[186],"need":[193],"oceanic":[195],"numerical":[196],"models":[197],"further":[199],"investigate":[200],"issue.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}