{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318043889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688","title":"Imaging Simulation Method for Novel Rotating Synthetic Aperture System Based on Conditional Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Imaging Simulation Method for Novel Rotating Synthetic Aperture System Based on Conditional Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318043889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/688/pdf?version=1674551987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/688/pdf?version=1674551987","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355572","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043874743","display_name":"Xiyang Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-8480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyang Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082270319","display_name":"Shikai Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-0337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikai Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072186177","display_name":"Jinnan Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-3517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinnan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075650658","display_name":"Tianjun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3927-2436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianjun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Space Optical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332693","display_name":"Nan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Studies College of Northeastern University, Shenyang 110001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Studies College of Northeastern University, Shenyang 110001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072186177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76206631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"688","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.777637243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6562421321868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6299231052398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5542160272598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5396803021430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5288302302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-spread-function","display_name":"Point spread function","score":0.5068641304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function","display_name":"Radial basis function","score":0.4189659655094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37680429220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3368067741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3311917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11950114369392395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.777637243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6562421321868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6299231052398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5542160272598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5396803021430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5288302302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69179731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510427","display_name":"Point spread function","level":2,"score":0.5068641304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.4189659655094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37680429220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3368067741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3311917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11950114369392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/688/pdf?version=1674551987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:272576a189b84fb6b75ccda356c16c0e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/272576a189b84fb6b75ccda356c16c0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 688 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/688/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 688","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030688","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/688/pdf?version=1674551987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4307890219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6197504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4342851547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G511121437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823439880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"210116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5848258319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318043889.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791560514","https://openalex.org/W2062811295","https://openalex.org/W2072895218","https://openalex.org/W2097074225","https://openalex.org/W2103106600","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2161516371","https://openalex.org/W2167191464","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2778812706","https://openalex.org/W2896683644","https://openalex.org/W2897932704","https://openalex.org/W2969415270","https://openalex.org/W2970107519","https://openalex.org/W2970778968","https://openalex.org/W3003155844","https://openalex.org/W3030635931","https://openalex.org/W3035302306","https://openalex.org/W3090598983","https://openalex.org/W3099925406","https://openalex.org/W3111600877","https://openalex.org/W3132552976","https://openalex.org/W3134203386","https://openalex.org/W3142659587","https://openalex.org/W3169167146","https://openalex.org/W3180712890","https://openalex.org/W3204971388","https://openalex.org/W3207608167","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4280648138","https://openalex.org/W6778536328","https://openalex.org/W6796175571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2523224776","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4391621790","https://openalex.org/W1794182708","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2133420660","https://openalex.org/W2986217657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,298,321],"novel":[1,45],"rotating":[2,17],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"(RSA)":[5],"is":[6,57,93,102,177,201,225,267],"a":[7,82,207,257,278,318,333],"new":[8,83],"optical":[9],"imaging":[10,46,110,142,186,303],"system":[11,84],"that":[12,85,172,220,253,266,327],"uses":[13],"the":[14,18,27,61,70,75,79,108,114,125,141,147,152,160,163,167,173,179,185,189,194,199,204,213,221,232,242,245,249,275,302,306,328,344,351],"method":[15,47,65,132,191,331,349],"of":[16,29,113,151,162,166,184,192,206,248,295,305,323,350],"rectangular":[19,148,307],"primary":[20,250],"mirror":[21],"for":[22,35,124,215,343],"dynamic":[23,109],"imaging.":[24],"It":[25],"has":[26,86],"advantage":[28],"being":[30],"lightweight,":[31],"with":[32,159,198,309],"no":[33],"need":[34],"splicing":[36],"and":[37,68,106,117,130,144,289,313,340,347],"real-time":[38],"surface":[39],"shape":[40],"maintenance":[41],"on":[42,118],"orbit.":[43],"leads":[48],"to":[49,59,66,73,95,104,229,239,241,269,277],"complex":[50],"image":[51,62,71,127,196,345],"quality":[52,63,72],"degradation":[53],"characteristics.":[54],"Therefore,":[55,100,188],"it":[56,92,101],"vital":[58],"use":[60],"improvement":[64],"restore":[67],"improve":[69],"meet":[74],"application":[76],"requirements.":[77],"For":[78],"RSA":[80,115,153,352],"system,":[81,116],"not":[87,178,226],"been":[88],"applied":[89],"in":[90,244,317],"orbit,":[91],"difficult":[94,228,238],"construct":[96],"suitable":[97],"large":[98],"datasets.":[99],"necessary":[103],"study":[105],"establish":[107],"characteristic":[111],"model":[112,146,280],"this":[119,136,156],"basis":[120],"provide":[121,338],"data":[122,339],"support":[123,342],"corresponding":[126],"super":[128],"resolution":[129],"restoration":[131,346],"through":[133],"simulation.":[134],"In":[135],"paper,":[137],"we":[138,170,255],"first":[139],"analyze":[140],"characteristics":[143,304],"mathematically":[145],"rotary":[149],"pupil":[150,308],"system.":[154,187,353],"On":[155],"basis,":[157],"combined":[158],"analysis":[161],"physical":[164],"interpretation":[165],"blur":[168,175,234,258],"kernel,":[169,235],"find":[171],"optimal":[174],"kernel":[176,259],"point":[180],"spread":[181],"function":[182],"(PSF)":[183],"simulation":[190,330],"convolving":[193],"input":[195,288],"directly":[197],"PSF":[200],"flawed.":[202],"Furthermore,":[203],"weights":[205],"convolutional":[208,223,262],"neural":[209,263],"network":[210,264],"(CNN)":[211],"are":[212],"same":[214],"each":[216],"input.":[217],"This":[218],"means":[219],"normal":[222,271,296],"layer":[224],"only":[227],"accurately":[230],"estimate":[231],"time-varying":[233],"but":[236],"also":[237],"adapt":[240],"change":[243],"length\u2013width":[246,311],"ratio":[247],"mirror.":[251],"To":[252],"end,":[254],"propose":[256],"estimation":[260],"conditional":[261,279],"(CCNN)":[265],"equivalent":[268],"multiple":[270],"CNNs.":[272],"We":[273],"extend":[274],"CNN":[276],"by":[281],"taking":[282],"an":[283,286],"encoding":[284],"as":[285],"additional":[287],"using":[290],"conditionally":[291],"parameterized":[292],"convolutions":[293],"instead":[294],"convolutions.":[297],"CCNN":[299],"can":[300,337],"simulate":[301],"different":[310,314],"ratios":[312],"rotation":[315],"angles":[316],"controllable":[319],"manner.":[320],"results":[322],"semi-physical":[324],"experiments":[325],"show":[326],"proposed":[329],"achieves":[332],"satisfactory":[334],"performance,":[335],"which":[336],"theoretical":[341],"super-resolution":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}