{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317738558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650","title":"Attention Fusion of Transformer-Based and Scale-Based Method for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Joint Classification","display_name":"Attention Fusion of Transformer-Based and Scale-Based Method for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Joint Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317738558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/650/pdf?version=1675327559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/650/pdf?version=1675327559","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083972856","display_name":"Maqun Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maqun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046668357","display_name":"Feng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103272172","display_name":"Tiange Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3020-7494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiange Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058230644","display_name":"Yanhai Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhai Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029633264","display_name":"Junyu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-2087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006580423","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Creative & Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Creative & Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029633264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92512304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"650","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7386834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.7145769000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6901721954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6345913410186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5537847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-mechanism","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","score":0.5528888702392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5213359594345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.47540387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45656853914260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4214871823787689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3617185354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3384323716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1359880268573761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08832508325576782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7386834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.7145769000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6901721954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6345913410186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5537847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173414695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510276","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","level":4,"score":0.5528888702392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5213359594345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.47540387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45656853914260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4214871823787689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3617185354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3384323716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1359880268573761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08832508325576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556360","display_name":"Lipid bilayer fusion","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/650/pdf?version=1675327559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e20ded2f15cc45e1aea234becb12ae49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e20ded2f15cc45e1aea234becb12ae49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 650 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/3/650/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 650","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15030650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/650/pdf?version=1675327559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317738558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2611452721","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2907100627","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2966715458","https://openalex.org/W2967957126","https://openalex.org/W2998356391","https://openalex.org/W3004968762","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3090449556","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3104795559","https://openalex.org/W3105997607","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3137391901","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3143320354","https://openalex.org/W3168649818","https://openalex.org/W3191036819","https://openalex.org/W3196410189","https://openalex.org/W3208935369","https://openalex.org/W4214598159","https://openalex.org/W4223616928","https://openalex.org/W4224882649","https://openalex.org/W4225931144","https://openalex.org/W4285507497","https://openalex.org/W4291652931","https://openalex.org/W4293731866","https://openalex.org/W4312465630","https://openalex.org/W4312638656","https://openalex.org/W4313065939","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6766904570","https://openalex.org/W6791743587","https://openalex.org/W6799336272","https://openalex.org/W6800799079","https://openalex.org/W6803476897","https://openalex.org/W6842013573","https://openalex.org/W6842590485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104177156","https://openalex.org/W2031928588","https://openalex.org/W2030080266","https://openalex.org/W2805400851","https://openalex.org/W2463883205","https://openalex.org/W2140940625","https://openalex.org/W4241000610","https://openalex.org/W3136189581","https://openalex.org/W3200288307","https://openalex.org/W2626068958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,61],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"there":[3],"have":[4,19],"been":[5],"many":[6],"multimodal":[7,42,67,109],"works":[8],"in":[9,23,35,53,223],"the":[10,24,36,41,47,58,66,71,75,114,154,177,187,191,200,208,211,218],"field":[11],"of":[12,17,26,49,57,77,116,136,156,164,179,194,210],"remote":[13],"sensing,":[14],"and":[15,69,85,97,101,121,148,206],"most":[16],"them":[18],"achieved":[20],"good":[21],"results":[22,215],"task":[25,44],"land-cover":[27,90],"classification.":[28,105,226],"However,":[29],"multi-scale":[30,124,139,162],"information":[31,110,125],"is":[32,221],"seldom":[33],"considered":[34],"multi-modal":[37],"fusion":[38,43,76,111,145,193],"process.":[39],"Secondly,":[40],"rarely":[45],"considers":[46],"application":[48],"attention":[50,117,140,183],"mechanism,":[51,184],"resulting":[52],"a":[54,82],"weak":[55],"representation":[56,158],"fused":[59],"feature.":[60],"order":[62],"to":[63,126,169],"better":[64],"use":[65],"data":[68,178,192],"reduce":[70],"losses":[72],"caused":[73,189],"by":[74,113,190,202],"different":[78,130,161,180,195,204],"modalities,":[79],"we":[80],"proposed":[81,219],"TRMSF":[83],"(Transformer":[84],"Multi-scale":[86],"fusion)":[87],"network":[88,107,134,201,220],"for":[89],"classification":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"HSI":[94],"(hyperspectral":[95],"images)":[96],"LiDAR":[98,172],"(Light":[99],"Detection":[100],"Ranging)":[102],"images":[103],"joint":[104,225],"The":[106,133,213],"enhances":[108,153,207],"ability":[112,155],"method":[115],"mechanism":[118],"from":[119,129,159],"Transformer":[120],"enhancement":[122,141],"using":[123],"fuse":[127,170],"features":[128,163],"modal":[131,196],"structures.":[132,197],"consists":[135],"three":[137],"parts:":[138],"module":[142,146,150],"(MSAE),":[143],"multimodality":[144,224],"(MMF)":[147],"multi-output":[149],"(MOM).":[151],"MSAE":[152],"feature":[157],"extracting":[160],"HSI,":[165],"which":[166],"are":[167],"used":[168],"with":[171],"feature,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"MMF":[175],"integrates":[176],"modalities":[181],"through":[182],"thereby":[185],"reducing":[186],"loss":[188],"MOM":[198],"optimizes":[199],"controlling":[203],"outputs":[205],"stability":[209],"results.":[212],"experimental":[214],"show":[216],"that":[217],"effective":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
