{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316663324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529","title":"Mapping of Mean Deformation Rates Based on APS-Corrected InSAR Data Using Unsupervised Clustering Algorithms","display_name":"Mapping of Mean Deformation Rates Based on APS-Corrected InSAR Data Using Unsupervised Clustering Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316663324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/529/pdf?version=1673868190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/529/pdf?version=1673868190","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015420821","display_name":"Mohammad Amin Khalili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-761X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Amin Khalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087412171","display_name":"Behzad Voosoghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-0447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K.N.Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Voosoghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15433-19967, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15433-19967, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047947553","display_name":"Luigi Guerriero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-5409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Guerriero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053575175","display_name":"Saeid Haji-Aghajany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4573-2494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27912750","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05cs8k179","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27912750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K.N.Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Haji-Aghajany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15433-19967, Iran","Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15433-19967, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27912750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023048630","display_name":"Domenico Calcaterra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-3667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Calcaterra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062474218","display_name":"Diego Di Martire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Di Martire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Monte Sant'Angelo Campus, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015420821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.8011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97298307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"529","last_page":"529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.7367845177650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6147125363349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6068605184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6053539514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5435810089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5404371619224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5145025253295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4973814785480499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4797057509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-monitoring","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","score":0.47028449177742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4582180082798004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.38379329442977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34281212091445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.30260801315307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2862863540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07675734162330627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.7367845177650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6147125363349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.6068605184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6053539514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5435810089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5404371619224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5145025253295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4973814785480499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4797057509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136428324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838414","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","level":3,"score":0.47028449177742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4582180082798004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.38379329442977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34281212091445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.30260801315307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2862863540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07675734162330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/529/pdf?version=1673868190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:530002634c49490bb352e7efe8620744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/530002634c49490bb352e7efe8620744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 529 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/529/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 529","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020529","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/529/pdf?version=1673868190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316663324.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566144858","https://openalex.org/W1672745209","https://openalex.org/W1964766624","https://openalex.org/W1966550627","https://openalex.org/W1970302608","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2016441722","https://openalex.org/W2017727533","https://openalex.org/W2022852240","https://openalex.org/W2035225160","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2056176527","https://openalex.org/W2061640368","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2121773078","https://openalex.org/W2131434734","https://openalex.org/W2132192840","https://openalex.org/W2141012957","https://openalex.org/W2144819091","https://openalex.org/W2152189873","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2152709458","https://openalex.org/W2154309921","https://openalex.org/W2187684502","https://openalex.org/W2204693006","https://openalex.org/W2235444262","https://openalex.org/W2346534989","https://openalex.org/W2468174974","https://openalex.org/W2479687757","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2565419006","https://openalex.org/W2588663554","https://openalex.org/W2780046032","https://openalex.org/W2791514669","https://openalex.org/W2884616543","https://openalex.org/W2903568222","https://openalex.org/W2946153581","https://openalex.org/W2969904799","https://openalex.org/W2970825635","https://openalex.org/W2982701448","https://openalex.org/W3000672795","https://openalex.org/W3000729251","https://openalex.org/W3013795636","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3095945825","https://openalex.org/W3134656743","https://openalex.org/W3142176739","https://openalex.org/W3163913361","https://openalex.org/W3177540320","https://openalex.org/W3193330889","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W4285736499","https://openalex.org/W4292117612","https://openalex.org/W4296525171","https://openalex.org/W6644682428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197004465","https://openalex.org/W2998303370","https://openalex.org/W4242918400","https://openalex.org/W4285613571","https://openalex.org/W3138360503","https://openalex.org/W2973112112","https://openalex.org/W4396241171","https://openalex.org/W4322099661","https://openalex.org/W2093700250","https://openalex.org/W4390277479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"interferometric":[1,158],"approaches":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4,265],"developed":[5],"over":[6],"the":[7,61,88,92,100,136,187,202,206,209,213,218,226,256,260,278,280,292],"past":[8],"few":[9],"decades":[10],"to":[11,48,72,98,119,134,147,183,192,200,247,286],"process":[12],"SAR":[13,109,154,295],"data":[14],"and":[15,19,24,29,80,113,123,163,174,185,208,223,235,241,251],"recover":[16],"surface":[17],"deformation,":[18],"each":[20],"approach":[21],"has":[22,264],"advantages":[23],"limitations.":[25],"Finding":[26],"an":[27,50,194,249],"accurate":[28,250],"reliable":[30,252],"interval":[31,63,253],"for":[32,59,141,232],"preparing":[33],"mean":[34],"deformation":[35,66,75,106,125,149,271,289],"rate":[36],"maps":[37],"(MDRMs)":[38],"remains":[39],"challenging.":[40],"The":[41,196],"primary":[42],"purpose":[43,129],"of":[44,53,102,130,212,225,294],"this":[45,131],"paper":[46,132],"is":[47,133],"implement":[49,135],"application":[51],"consisting":[52],"three":[54],"unsupervised":[55,261],"clustering":[56],"algorithms":[57],"(UCAs)":[58],"determining":[60],"best":[62,188],"from":[64,108],"SAR-derived":[65],"data,":[67,110],"which":[68,191,216,255],"can":[69],"be":[70],"used":[71],"interpret":[73],"long-term":[74],"processes,":[76],"such":[77],"as":[78,91],"subsidence,":[79],"identify":[81],"displacement":[82],"patterns.":[83],"Considering":[84],"Port":[85],"Harcourt":[86],"(in":[87],"Niger":[89],"Delta)":[90],"study":[93],"area,":[94],"it":[95],"was":[96,199],"essential":[97],"remove":[99],"sources":[101],"error":[103],"in":[104,254,272],"extracting":[105],"signals":[107,150,203],"spatially":[111],"ionospheric":[112],"tropospheric":[114],"delays,":[115],"before":[116],"using":[117],"UCAs":[118],"obtain":[120],"its":[121],"characteristics":[122],"real":[124],"data.":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"another":[128],"advanced":[137],"integration":[138],"method":[139,263],"(AIM)":[140],"atmospheric":[142],"phase":[143],"screen":[144],"(APS)":[145],"correction":[146],"enhance":[148],"obtained":[151],"through":[152],"different":[153],"processing":[155,296],"approaches,":[156],"including":[157],"SARs":[159,166],"(two-pass":[160],"interferometry,":[161,168],"InSAR)":[162],"multitemporal":[164],"interferometry":[165,172],"(n-pass":[167],"DInSAR;":[169],"permanent":[170],"scatterer":[171],"(PSI);":[173],"small":[175],"baseline":[176],"subset":[177],"(SBAS)).":[178],"Two":[179],"methods":[180],"were":[181,245],"chosen":[182],"evaluate":[184],"find":[186,248],"technique":[189,258,283],"with":[190,228,259],"create":[193],"MDRM:":[195],"first":[197],"one":[198],"compare":[201],"corrected":[204],"by":[205],"AIM":[207,219],"vertical":[210,270],"component":[211],"GPS":[214],"station,":[215,279],"showed":[217],"providing":[220],"58%,":[221],"42%,":[222],"28%":[224],"matching":[227],"GNSS":[229,269],"station":[230],"outputs":[231],"InSAR,":[233],"PSI,":[234],"SBAS,":[236],"respectively.":[237],"Secondly,":[238],"similarity":[239],"measures":[240],"Davies\u2013Bouldin":[242],"index":[243],"scores":[244],"implemented":[246],"SBAS":[257,281],"K-medians":[262,282],"chosen.":[266],"Based":[267],"on":[268],"a":[273],"500":[274],"m":[275],"radius":[276],"around":[277],"expressed":[284],"up":[285],"5.5%":[287],"better":[288],"patterns":[290],"than":[291],"map":[293],"techniques.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-01-17T00:00:00"}