{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315864885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485","title":"Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments","display_name":"Tight Integration Kinematic PPP-AR Using GPS/Galileo/QZSS Overlapping Frequency Signals and Its Performance in High-Shade Environments","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315864885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485/pdf?version=1673605285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485/pdf?version=1673605285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694339","display_name":"Siyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3319-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020768636","display_name":"Rui Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007519947","display_name":"Bofeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bofeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and GeoInformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and GeoInformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422077","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042323521","display_name":"Lihong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031599916","display_name":"Junqiang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8707-9297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqiang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057168340","display_name":"Xiaochun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-9500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020768636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90919416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"485","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.7877718210220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-zenith-satellite-system","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","score":0.7734991908073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7205808758735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6826367378234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.6263114213943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5920754671096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.5296295285224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5145041942596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.4757271111011505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4309093654155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4150416851043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35018178820610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21318486332893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1507178544998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10957467555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09057632088661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07432091236114502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.7877718210220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68477667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862327","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","level":5,"score":0.7734991908073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7205808758735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6826367378234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6263114213943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5920754671096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.5296295285224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5145041942596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.4757271111011505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4309093654155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4150416851043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35018178820610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21318486332893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1507178544998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10957467555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09057632088661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07432091236114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485/pdf?version=1673605285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfc287c785524d03bfcdab392f291652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfc287c785524d03bfcdab392f291652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 485 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/485/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 485","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020485","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/485/pdf?version=1673605285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453530839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G393617664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42274019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8042977468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42104020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8576117683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41674034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315864885.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579591502","https://openalex.org/W1607909567","https://openalex.org/W1813366400","https://openalex.org/W1922136352","https://openalex.org/W2000086150","https://openalex.org/W2035597068","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2090526786","https://openalex.org/W2091247042","https://openalex.org/W2094280389","https://openalex.org/W2149562494","https://openalex.org/W2273862109","https://openalex.org/W2297174030","https://openalex.org/W2322978817","https://openalex.org/W2402167963","https://openalex.org/W2464453122","https://openalex.org/W2547081939","https://openalex.org/W2599870658","https://openalex.org/W2755861026","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2922517225","https://openalex.org/W2949616517","https://openalex.org/W3017984055","https://openalex.org/W4200197151","https://openalex.org/W4240109574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1910580942","https://openalex.org/W2077074310","https://openalex.org/W2186627438","https://openalex.org/W4313568929","https://openalex.org/W2082415608","https://openalex.org/W1971950743","https://openalex.org/W2942570036","https://openalex.org/W4223620065","https://openalex.org/W2109348604","https://openalex.org/W2347835807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"global":[1],"navigation":[2],"satellite":[3,19],"systems":[4,54],"(GNSS)":[5],"broadcast":[6],"overlapping":[7],"frequencies":[8],"to":[9,29,55,96,117],"enhance":[10],"interoperability,":[11],"allowing":[12],"tight":[13,31,67,122,144],"integration":[14,32,68,123,145,160],"with":[15,23,102],"only":[16,129],"one":[17],"reference":[18],"for":[20,134,138,155],"every":[21],"system":[22],"the":[24,42,46,98,109,121,143,157],"same":[25],"frequency.":[26],"The":[27],"key":[28],"realizing":[30],"is":[33,83],"estimating":[34],"and":[35],"utilizing":[36],"differential":[37],"intersystem":[38],"biases,":[39],"which":[40,79],"allows":[41],"integer":[43],"characteristic":[44],"of":[45,49,65],"differenced":[47],"ambiguity":[48,75],"two":[50],"satellites":[51,131],"from":[52,115],"different":[53],"be":[56,165],"retrieved.":[57],"In":[58,100],"this":[59],"study,":[60],"a":[61,66,92,151],"detailed":[62],"algorithm":[63],"flow":[64],"kinematic":[69],"uncalibrated":[70],"phase":[71],"delay":[72],"(UPD)-based":[73],"PPP":[74],"resolution":[76],"(PPP-AR)":[77],"method,":[78],"includes":[80],"multiple":[81],"parts,":[82],"introduced.":[84],"Subsequently,":[85],"PPP-AR":[86],"numerical":[87],"experiments":[88],"were":[89],"conducted":[90],"in":[91,125],"high-shade":[93],"observation":[94],"environment":[95,127],"determine":[97],"performance.":[99],"comparison":[101],"traditional":[103,158],"methods,":[104],"our":[105],"results":[106],"indicate":[107],"that":[108],"average":[110],"success":[111],"fix":[112],"rate":[113],"improves":[114],"83%":[116],"100%":[118],"after":[119],"using":[120],"method":[124,146,161],"an":[126],"where":[128],"three":[130],"are":[132],"observed":[133],"each":[135],"system.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"fewer":[139],"than":[140],"nine":[141],"satellites,":[142],"can":[147],"still":[148],"consistently":[149],"maintain":[150],"fixed":[152],"state.":[153],"However,":[154],"comparison,":[156],"loose":[159],"could":[162],"no":[163],"longer":[164],"implemented.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2023-01-13T00:00:00"}
