{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315786582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455","title":"Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315786582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455/pdf?version=1673512055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455/pdf?version=1673512055","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004684937","display_name":"Mengdi Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdi Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110190620","display_name":"Lin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329465","display_name":"Chong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049061043","display_name":"Guojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773036","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-0551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-0551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004469691","display_name":"Jianting Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianting Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039783141","display_name":"Defu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-224X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Defu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-224X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031922756","display_name":"Zanpin Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-2976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zanpin Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102779120","display_name":"Yongping Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3785-0766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongping Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028842181","display_name":"Guangyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041975643","display_name":"Erji Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-2051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erji Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-2051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054803432","display_name":"Minxuan Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minxuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072310360","display_name":"Yingxu Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110190620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.4288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92285791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"455","last_page":"455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"Permafrost","score":0.9649527072906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-layer","display_name":"Active layer","score":0.6490780711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6456288695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.6272045373916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.5486168265342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.50093674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4351285398006439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.4111095070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.397155225276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.3529689311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.33099111914634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.11054229736328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.09583845734596252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.9649527072906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776026197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201890","display_name":"Active layer","level":4,"score":0.6490780711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6456288695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.6272045373916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5486168265342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.50093674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4351285398006439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4111095070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.397155225276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3529689311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.33099111914634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.11054229736328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.09583845734596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87359718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455/pdf?version=1673512055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 455 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/455/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 455","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455/pdf?version=1673512055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604312513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41931180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2431988889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5459565501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLFSE201921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326833","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326833","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315786582.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791467465","https://openalex.org/W1964149491","https://openalex.org/W2003550469","https://openalex.org/W2017793249","https://openalex.org/W2020858585","https://openalex.org/W2022319455","https://openalex.org/W2031036811","https://openalex.org/W2059742573","https://openalex.org/W2084553083","https://openalex.org/W2108617162","https://openalex.org/W2110312241","https://openalex.org/W2137198566","https://openalex.org/W2156749592","https://openalex.org/W2291082207","https://openalex.org/W2355354161","https://openalex.org/W2389910775","https://openalex.org/W2414904098","https://openalex.org/W2534439660","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2748917386","https://openalex.org/W2770620487","https://openalex.org/W2782958206","https://openalex.org/W2789855265","https://openalex.org/W2899767037","https://openalex.org/W2951117441","https://openalex.org/W2985296685","https://openalex.org/W3003933125","https://openalex.org/W3007650349","https://openalex.org/W3016050614","https://openalex.org/W3044013246","https://openalex.org/W3046590992","https://openalex.org/W3097916096","https://openalex.org/W3127395088","https://openalex.org/W3136179920","https://openalex.org/W3195082417","https://openalex.org/W3204355707","https://openalex.org/W4200561105","https://openalex.org/W4285109068","https://openalex.org/W4288063188","https://openalex.org/W4291238061","https://openalex.org/W4295532903","https://openalex.org/W6665313034","https://openalex.org/W6748434107","https://openalex.org/W6842093563","https://openalex.org/W6874961830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058961826","https://openalex.org/W2355716068","https://openalex.org/W1966902024","https://openalex.org/W2364233598","https://openalex.org/W2008205066","https://openalex.org/W2765270907","https://openalex.org/W2791434249","https://openalex.org/W2741344349","https://openalex.org/W154981711","https://openalex.org/W2604111388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"temperature":[1,88,117,131,243,279,289],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,25,36,85,95,128,141,173,180,274],"the":[7,15,26,42,53,61,65,74,77,86,96,110,127,142,146,167,191,195,201,218,239,248,259,275,284],"permafrost":[8,57,66,97,143],"thermal":[9,62],"state":[10,63],"and":[11,21,46,48,67,108,123,175,187,200,232,247,255,264,296,302],"degradation":[12],"process.":[13],"Especially":[14],"soil":[16,87,116,130,198,220,242,278,288],"temperatures":[17,221],"at":[18,91,182,206,213,258,299],"10":[19,185,214,262,300],"cm":[20,23,186,208,215,263,301,304],"50":[22,188,207,265,303],"depths":[24,183],"active":[27,68],"layer,":[28],"which":[29,165,292],"are":[30,81],"much":[31],"easier":[32],"to":[33,59,73,139,308],"be":[34,50],"observed":[35],"situ,":[37],"have":[38],"great":[39],"effects":[40],"on":[41,225],"surface":[43],"water":[44],"cycles":[45],"vegetation,":[47],"could":[49],"used":[51],"as":[52],"upper":[54],"boundary":[55],"for":[56,158],"models":[58],"simulate":[60],"of":[64,76,99,112,162,184,197,203,238,261,277,287],"layer":[69],"thicknesses.":[70],"However,":[71],"due":[72],"limitations":[75],"observation":[78,135],"data,":[79,89,164],"there":[80,154],"still":[82],"large":[83],"uncertainties":[84,157],"including":[90],"these":[92],"two":[93],"depths,":[94],"region":[98,144],"Qinghai\u2013Tibet":[100,147],"Plateau":[101],"(QTP).":[102],"In":[103],"this":[104],"study,":[105],"we":[106],"evaluated":[107],"calibrated":[109],"applicability":[111,202],"four":[113,160],"daily":[114,241],"shallow":[115],"datasets":[118,193],"(i.e.,":[119],"MERRA-2,":[120],"GLDAS-Noah,":[121],"ERA5-Land,":[122],"CFSR)":[124],"by":[125,252],"using":[126,228],"situ":[129],"data":[132,205,280],"from":[133,137,281,306],"eight":[134],"sites":[136],"2004":[138,307],"2018":[140],"along":[145],"Engineering":[148],"Corridor.":[149],"The":[150,236,268],"results":[151],"revealed":[152],"that":[153],"were":[155,166,222,290,293],"different":[156],"all":[159],"sets":[161],"reanalysis":[163,192,204],"largest":[168],"(Bias":[169],"=":[170],"\u22122.44":[171],"\u00b0C)":[172,179],"CFSR":[174],"smallest":[176],"(Bias=":[177],"\u22120.43":[178],"GLDAS-Noah":[181,219],"cm.":[189],"Overall,":[190],"reflect":[194],"trends":[196],"temperature,":[199],"depth":[209,260,305],"is":[210],"better":[211,273],"than":[212],"depth.":[216],"Furthermore,":[217],"recalibrated":[223],"based":[224],"our":[226],"observations":[227],"multiple":[229],"linear":[230],"regression":[231],"random":[233,269],"forest":[234,270],"models.":[235],"accuracy":[237],"corrected":[240],"was":[244,250],"significantly":[245],"improved,":[246],"RMSE":[249],"reduced":[251],"1.49":[253],"\u00b0C":[254,257],"1.28":[256],"cm,":[266],"respectively.":[267,310],"model":[271],"performed":[272],"calibration":[276],"GLDAS-Noah.":[282],"Finally,":[283],"warming":[285],"rates":[286],"analyzed,":[291],"0.0994":[294],"\u00b0C/a":[295,298],"0.1005":[297],"2018,":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2023-01-13T00:00:00"}