{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313648383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330","title":"Blind Super-Resolution for SAR Images with Speckle Noise Based on Deep Learning Probabilistic Degradation Model and SAR Priors","display_name":"Blind Super-Resolution for SAR Images with Speckle Noise Based on Deep Learning Probabilistic Degradation Model and SAR Priors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313648383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/330/pdf?version=1672919878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/330/pdf?version=1672919878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086236500","display_name":"Chongqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-200X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770779","display_name":"Ziwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0692-4759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112589260","display_name":"Yao Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068339381","display_name":"Yueyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068565674","display_name":"Mingzhe Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhe Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078680165","display_name":"Yunhua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036044616","display_name":"Pu\u2010Kun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-7899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pukun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078680165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87116709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"330","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7887978553771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7631893157958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7073509693145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.6678277254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5684998035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.5556473731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.546064019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5161753296852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4948820471763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-noise","display_name":"Multiplicative noise","score":0.4857809841632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4451158940792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37578296661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.17825227975845337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7887978553771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631893157958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7073509693145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.6678277254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5684998035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.5556473731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.546064019203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5161753296852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4948820471763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18015164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935000","display_name":"Multiplicative noise","level":5,"score":0.4857809841632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4451158940792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37578296661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.17825227975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131021393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512759","display_name":"Signal transfer function","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/330/pdf?version=1672919878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6aa81812990341be80ee08b4e3c4fd82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6aa81812990341be80ee08b4e3c4fd82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 330 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/2/330/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 330","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15020330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020330","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/330/pdf?version=1672919878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8668740601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61991423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313648383.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7682646","https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W2003884262","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2033673394","https://openalex.org/W2049909233","https://openalex.org/W2057771708","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2096879042","https://openalex.org/W2102094468","https://openalex.org/W2111899019","https://openalex.org/W2117294245","https://openalex.org/W2117865218","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2125384310","https://openalex.org/W2126421815","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2138863404","https://openalex.org/W2158565841","https://openalex.org/W2161357997","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2249671693","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2343862349","https://openalex.org/W2359099468","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2509784253","https://openalex.org/W2546084973","https://openalex.org/W2562531196","https://openalex.org/W2604403460","https://openalex.org/W2621042270","https://openalex.org/W2757678917","https://openalex.org/W2797848521","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2912215141","https://openalex.org/W2925359305","https://openalex.org/W2949679648","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963610452","https://openalex.org/W2966789682","https://openalex.org/W2985981469","https://openalex.org/W3002179192","https://openalex.org/W3034785019","https://openalex.org/W3095327954","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3105549388","https://openalex.org/W3193382303","https://openalex.org/W3204971388","https://openalex.org/W3209922785","https://openalex.org/W4221044012","https://openalex.org/W4221153222","https://openalex.org/W4226144465","https://openalex.org/W6674723063","https://openalex.org/W6785155970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2162457349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,103],"active":[2],"microwave":[3],"coherent":[4],"imaging":[5,26],"technology,":[6],"synthetic":[7,66,90,178,191],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"images":[11,47,73,110,136,175,180,195],"suffer":[12],"from":[13,76,138],"severe":[14],"speckle":[15,57],"noise":[16,128],"and":[17,34,53,91,145,172,192,209,231],"low-resolution":[18,71],"problems":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,132,157,181],"the":[22,25,38,46,70,89,97,159,183,197,201,215,220],"limitations":[23],"of":[24,177,200,206],"system,":[27],"which":[28,69],"cause":[29,83],"difficulties":[30],"in":[31,68,115,149,204],"image":[32,207],"interpretation":[33],"target":[35,224],"detection.":[36],"However,":[37],"existing":[39],"SAR":[40,93,109,113,127,135,174,194],"super-resolution":[41],"(SR)":[42],"methods":[43],"usually":[44],"reconstruct":[45],"by":[48,111,227],"a":[49,84,116,120,142,146,150],"determined":[50],"degradation":[51,123,143],"model":[52,124,144,148,166],"hardly":[54],"consider":[55],"multiplicative":[56],"noise,":[58],"meanwhile,":[59],"most":[60],"SR":[61,106,147,217],"models":[62],"are":[63,74],"trained":[64,155,168],"with":[65,126,169],"datasets":[67],"(LR)":[72],"down-sampled":[75],"their":[77],"high-resolution":[78],"(HR)":[79],"counterparts.":[80],"These":[81],"constraints":[82],"serious":[85],"domain":[86,184],"gap":[87],"between":[88,162],"real":[92,170,193],"images.":[94],"To":[95],"solve":[96],"above":[98],"problems,":[99],"this":[100],"paper":[101],"proposes":[102],"unsupervised":[104],"blind":[105],"method":[107,203,218],"for":[108,223],"introducing":[112],"priors":[114,129],"cycle-GAN":[117,152],"framework.":[118],"First,":[119],"learnable":[121],"probabilistic":[122],"combined":[125],"was":[130,167],"presented":[131],"satisfy":[133],"various":[134],"produced":[137],"different":[139],"platforms.":[140],"Then,":[141],"unified":[151],"framework":[153],"were":[154],"simultaneously":[156],"learn":[158],"intrinsic":[160],"relationship":[161],"HR\u2013LR":[163],"domains.":[164],"The":[165],"LR":[171],"HR":[173],"instead":[176],"paired":[179],"conquer":[182],"gap.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"experimental":[187],"results":[188],"on":[189],"both":[190],"demonstrated":[196],"high":[198],"performance":[199],"proposed":[202,216],"terms":[205],"quality":[208],"visual":[210],"perception.":[211],"Additionally,":[212],"we":[213],"found":[214],"demonstrates":[219],"tremendous":[221],"potential":[222],"detection":[225,230],"tasks":[226],"reducing":[228],"missed":[229],"false":[232],"alarms":[233],"significantly.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2023-01-07T00:00:00"}
