{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313472321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251","title":"Hyperspectral Inversion Model of Relative Heavy Metal Content in Pennisetum sinese Roxb via EEMD-db3 Algorithm","display_name":"Hyperspectral Inversion Model of Relative Heavy Metal Content in Pennisetum sinese Roxb via EEMD-db3 Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313472321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/251/pdf?version=1672911859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/251/pdf?version=1672911859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016953231","display_name":"Ting Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073747063","display_name":"Canming Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428335","display_name":"Weibin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386283","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9203-4345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115591507","display_name":"Chongyang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454040","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-7703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107808437","display_name":"Ting Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1309-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058903424","display_name":"Jiehao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiehao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-4434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107808437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.7111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59736318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"251","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6981833577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5290267467498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5153036117553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.4777994751930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4639902114868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3480474352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.254230260848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15110349655151367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6981833577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5290267467498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5153036117553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.4777994751930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4639902114868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3480474352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.254230260848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15110349655151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/251/pdf?version=1672911859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9430ae3d665d4d7cab747a95b33dd243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9430ae3d665d4d7cab747a95b33dd243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 251 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/251/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 251","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/251/pdf?version=1672911859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313472321.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1699316354","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2266474848","https://openalex.org/W2367554912","https://openalex.org/W2367578750","https://openalex.org/W2530006000","https://openalex.org/W2547266923","https://openalex.org/W2571192787","https://openalex.org/W2625212076","https://openalex.org/W2782186261","https://openalex.org/W2788360340","https://openalex.org/W2804275693","https://openalex.org/W2890915293","https://openalex.org/W2904796016","https://openalex.org/W2951969386","https://openalex.org/W2980570323","https://openalex.org/W2996571005","https://openalex.org/W2998226466","https://openalex.org/W3011683022","https://openalex.org/W3021258343","https://openalex.org/W3021457500","https://openalex.org/W3029601471","https://openalex.org/W3029958716","https://openalex.org/W3033921396","https://openalex.org/W3037130628","https://openalex.org/W3084736079","https://openalex.org/W3095522662","https://openalex.org/W3120043643","https://openalex.org/W3128216365","https://openalex.org/W3153575779","https://openalex.org/W3156957522","https://openalex.org/W3160198337","https://openalex.org/W3172308695","https://openalex.org/W3199740299","https://openalex.org/W3201706071","https://openalex.org/W3206290166","https://openalex.org/W3208305851","https://openalex.org/W3216428451","https://openalex.org/W4214697816","https://openalex.org/W4226007733","https://openalex.org/W4285102506","https://openalex.org/W6771754671","https://openalex.org/W6801470323","https://openalex.org/W7052231867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2380939102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"rapidity":[1],"and":[2,58,71,90,115,129,144,171,194,205,233,242,277],"model":[3,214],"accuracy":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,31,38,41,53,62,77,81,95,140,150,158,162,165,180,189,212,218,255,275],"keys":[7],"to":[8,20,37,148,178,187,273],"hyperspectral":[9,78],"nondestructive":[10,257],"testing":[11],"technology,":[12],"especially":[13],"for":[14],"Pennisetum":[15],"sinese":[16],"Roxb":[17],"(PsR)":[18],"due":[19],"its":[21,47],"extremely":[22],"high":[23],"adsorptive":[24],"heavy":[25,43,260],"metal":[26,44,261],"content.":[27],"The":[28,120,133,245],"study":[29,249],"of":[30,33,40,55,80,98,202,215,225,230,236,247,259,266,279],"resolution":[32],"PsR":[34,99],"is":[35],"conducive":[36],"analysis":[39],"accumulated":[42,60],"content":[45],"in":[46,61,87,217,254,263],"different":[48],"parts.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,248],"paper,":[52],"contents":[54],"Cd,":[56,203],"Cu":[57],"Zn":[59,206,216],"old":[63],"leaves,":[64,66],"young":[65],"upper":[67],"stem,":[68,73],"middle":[69],"stem":[70],"lower":[72],"as":[74,76],"well":[75],"data":[79,97,136],"corresponding":[82],"parts,":[83],"were":[84,100,123,137,176,185],"measured":[85],"simultaneously":[86],"both":[88],"fresh":[89],"dry":[91,219],"states.":[92],"To":[93],"begin,":[94],"spectral":[96,135,181],"preprocessed":[101,134],"by":[102,139],"using":[103,152],"Ensemble":[104],"Empirical":[105],"Mode":[106],"Decomposition-Daubechies3":[107],"(EEMD-db3),":[108],"Savitzky\u2013Golay":[109],"(SG),":[110],"Symlet3":[111],"(sym3),":[112],"Symlet5":[113],"(sym5),":[114],"multiplicative":[116],"scatter":[117],"correction":[118],"(MSC).":[119],"40":[121],"samples":[122],"divided":[124],"into":[125],"32":[126],"training":[127],"sets":[128],"8":[130],"validation":[131],"sets.":[132],"transformed":[138],"first":[141],"derivative":[142],"(FD)":[143],"reciprocal":[145],"logarithm":[146],"(log(1/R))":[147],"highlight":[149],"singularities":[151],"binary":[153],"wavelet":[154],"decomposition.":[155],"After":[156],"screening":[157],"significant":[159],"bands":[160],"from":[161],"correlation":[163],"curve,":[164],"competitive":[166],"adaptive":[167],"reweighted":[168],"sampling":[169],"(CARS)":[170],"successive":[172],"projection":[173],"algorithm":[174],"(SPA)":[175],"applied":[177,272],"extract":[179],"characteristic":[182],"variables,":[183],"which":[184],"used":[186],"establish":[188],"partial":[190],"least-squares":[191],"(PLS)":[192],"regression":[193,198],"multiple":[195],"stepwise":[196],"linear":[197],"(MSLR)":[199],"inversion":[200,213],"models":[201],"Cu,":[204],"contents.":[207],"Based":[208],"on":[209],"EEMD-db3":[210],"pretreatment,":[211],"(fresh)":[220],"state":[221],"had":[222],"R2":[223],"values":[224,229,235],"0.884":[226],"(0.880),":[227],"NRMSE":[228],"0.179":[231],"(0.253)":[232],"RPD":[234],"3.191":[237],"(3.221),":[238],"indicating":[239],"excellent":[240],"stability":[241],"predictive":[243],"performance.":[244],"findings":[246],"can":[250,269],"not":[251],"only":[252],"aid":[253],"rapid":[256],"detection":[258],"adsorption":[262],"various":[264],"parts":[265],"PsR,":[267],"but":[268],"also":[270],"be":[271],"guide":[274],"development":[276],"use":[278],"animal":[280],"feed.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}