{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313327241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180","title":"Coordinate Frames and Transformations in GNSS Ray-Tracing for Autonomous Driving in Urban Areas","display_name":"Coordinate Frames and Transformations in GNSS Ray-Tracing for Autonomous Driving in Urban Areas","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313327241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/180/pdf?version=1672298392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/180/pdf?version=1672298392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087169647","display_name":"Kai-Niklas Baasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Niklas Baasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-2517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022026759","display_name":"Lucy Icking","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Icking","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075455855","display_name":"Fabian Ruwisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Ruwisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091144096","display_name":"Steffen Sch\u00f6n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-6742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Sch\u00f6n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Erdmessung, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087169647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1926,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2077},"fwci":6.9992,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96333303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"180","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8228421211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7872921228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.6104720830917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5944967865943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5758407711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frame","display_name":"Reference frame","score":0.5212072134017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5013060569763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.48966196179389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.48817211389541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.4870882034301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.45434021949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-coordinate-conversion","display_name":"Geographic coordinate conversion","score":0.4273318350315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40728023648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4036986231803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.3976871073246002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3686520457267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.342792809009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20949923992156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15975266695022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09046334028244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09032276272773743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8228421211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7872921228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.6104720830917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5944967865943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5758407711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.5212072134017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5013060569763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.48966196179389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.48817211389541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.4870882034301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.45434021949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191338504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11606510","display_name":"Geographic coordinate conversion","level":3,"score":0.4273318350315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40728023648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4036986231803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3976871073246002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3686520457267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.342792809009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20949923992156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15975266695022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09046334028244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09032276272773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/180/pdf?version=1672298392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/13509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/13509","pdf_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/123456789/13509/1/remotesensing-15-00180.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote sensing 15 (2023), Nr. 1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f58a25afeff41678925669658d03571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f58a25afeff41678925669658d03571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 180 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/180/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 180","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/13400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15488/13400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052956","display_name":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/180/pdf?version=1672298392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8325716117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTG 2159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8709239685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19A20002C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G934579649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"45FGU121_E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313327241.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168675387","https://openalex.org/W2038678236","https://openalex.org/W2053164535","https://openalex.org/W2057602957","https://openalex.org/W2064174875","https://openalex.org/W2068839892","https://openalex.org/W2070933692","https://openalex.org/W2110252992","https://openalex.org/W2130788112","https://openalex.org/W2160107027","https://openalex.org/W2256083669","https://openalex.org/W2416458563","https://openalex.org/W2492450223","https://openalex.org/W2493911791","https://openalex.org/W2494206280","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2636689494","https://openalex.org/W2765305061","https://openalex.org/W2902350449","https://openalex.org/W2904557485","https://openalex.org/W2948273655","https://openalex.org/W3034872696","https://openalex.org/W3081515240","https://openalex.org/W3105134469","https://openalex.org/W3110733200","https://openalex.org/W3111335210","https://openalex.org/W3128803303","https://openalex.org/W3132293115","https://openalex.org/W3164058559","https://openalex.org/W3176905661","https://openalex.org/W3205953059","https://openalex.org/W4200174213","https://openalex.org/W4212763166","https://openalex.org/W4212808130","https://openalex.org/W4229781983","https://openalex.org/W4245240977","https://openalex.org/W4312330250","https://openalex.org/W6737009476","https://openalex.org/W6831726376","https://openalex.org/W6906010594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065350823","https://openalex.org/W2463987300","https://openalex.org/W2979651660","https://openalex.org/W2508126022","https://openalex.org/W101455936","https://openalex.org/W2357066284","https://openalex.org/W3135198225","https://openalex.org/W2989598288","https://openalex.org/W2067064391","https://openalex.org/W2080156965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,24,150,181],"Mapping-Aided":[1],"(3DMA)":[2],"Global":[3],"Navigation":[4],"Satellite":[5],"System":[6],"(GNSS)":[7],"is":[8,93,171],"a":[9,73,97,101,175,179,198,202],"widely":[10],"used":[11,109],"method":[12],"to":[13,33,68,110,124,140,146,188,211],"mitigate":[14],"multipath":[15,53,127],"errors.":[16],"Various":[17],"research":[18],"has":[19,67],"been":[20],"presented":[21],"which":[22],"utilizes":[23],"building":[25,78,151,182],"model":[26,49,152],"data":[27],"in":[28,55,72,96,105,178,197],"conjunction":[29],"with":[30],"ray-tracing":[31],"algorithms":[32],"compute":[34,41],"and":[35,40,50,89,114,156,201,207,219],"predict":[36],"satellites\u2019":[37],"visibility":[38],"conditions":[39],"delays":[42],"caused":[43],"by":[44,83],"signal":[45],"reflection.":[46],"To":[47],"simulate,":[48],"potentially":[51],"correct":[52],"errors":[54,128],"highly":[56],"dynamic":[57],"applications,":[58],"such":[59],"as,":[60],"e.g.,":[61],"autonomous":[62],"driving,":[63],"the":[64,90,106,112,120,132,142,166,193,216,220],"satellite\u2013receiver\u2013reflector":[65],"geometry":[66],"be":[69],"known":[70],"precisely":[71],"common":[74],"reference":[75],"frame.":[76],"Three-dimensional":[77],"models":[79],"are":[80,205,209],"often":[81],"provided":[82],"regional":[84],"public":[85],"or":[86],"private":[87],"services":[88],"coordinate":[91,98,107],"information":[92],"usually":[94],"given":[95],"system":[99,200],"of":[100,134,162],"map":[102,203],"projection.":[103],"Inconsistencies":[104],"frames":[108],"express":[111],"satellite":[113],"user":[115,154],"coordinates,":[116],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"reflector":[121],"surfaces,":[122],"lead":[123],"falsely":[125],"determined":[126],"and,":[129],"thus,":[130],"reduce":[131],"performance":[133],"3DMA":[135],"GNSS.":[136],"This":[137],"paper":[138],"aims":[139],"provide":[141],"needed":[143],"transformation":[144],"steps":[145],"consider":[147],"when":[148],"integrating":[149],"data,":[153],"position,":[155],"GNSS":[157],"orbit":[158],"information.":[159],"The":[160],"impact":[161],"frame":[163],"inconsistencies":[164],"on":[165,174,215],"computed":[167],"extra":[168,194],"path":[169],"delay":[170],"quantified":[172],"based":[173],"simulation":[176],"study":[177],"local":[180],"model;":[183],"they":[184],"can":[185],"easily":[186],"amount":[187],"several":[189],"meters.":[190],"Differences":[191],"between":[192],"path-delay":[195],"computations":[196],"metric":[199],"projection":[204],"evaluated":[206],"corrections":[208],"proposed":[210],"both":[212],"variants":[213],"depending":[214],"accuracy":[217],"needs":[218],"intended":[221],"use.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}