{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312223655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146","title":"Siam-Sort: Multi-Target Tracking in Video SAR Based on Tracking by Detection and Siamese Network","display_name":"Siam-Sort: Multi-Target Tracking in Video SAR Based on Tracking by Detection and Siamese Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312223655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/146/pdf?version=1672136220","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/146/pdf?version=1672136220","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064084523","display_name":"Hui Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-8156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-8156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210425","display_name":"Guisheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712537","display_name":"Yongjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076531189","display_name":"Cao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100712537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83018352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"146","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8329407572746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7457621693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7249873876571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6479420065879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6127768158912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45024606585502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4295041561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.42312091588974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.1946277916431427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8329407572746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7457621693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7249873876571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6479420065879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6127768158912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45024606585502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4295041561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.42312091588974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.1946277916431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/146/pdf?version=1672136220","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd1ecacc35db4385880ffc16d33d8b43","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd1ecacc35db4385880ffc16d33d8b43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 146 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/146/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 146","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010146","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/146/pdf?version=1672136220","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1346271642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931016 and 62071344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4535148336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CLDL-20202412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5057869368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5683800782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CLDL-20202412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328844","funder_display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5972981432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants 61931016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7219679163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8854801301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328844","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312223655.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312223655.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W213295899","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2032619339","https://openalex.org/W2073849744","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2127589108","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2155680787","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2473968560","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2579581219","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2806588494","https://openalex.org/W2901390138","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3038113894","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3088968830","https://openalex.org/W3095753995","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3118957360","https://openalex.org/W3124566001","https://openalex.org/W3195463862","https://openalex.org/W4312609198","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6644682428","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6762744983","https://openalex.org/W6788486679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389065903","https://openalex.org/W2158788032","https://openalex.org/W2385949326","https://openalex.org/W2623195638","https://openalex.org/W1966005655","https://openalex.org/W3135795035","https://openalex.org/W2789220062","https://openalex.org/W2811496562","https://openalex.org/W2094665863","https://openalex.org/W2071984725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shadows":[0],"are":[1,38,96,109,115,197],"widely":[2],"used":[3,198],"in":[4,21,23,58,69,81,100,122,129,140,158,207],"the":[5,50,130,141,148,154,172,178,181,189,201,205,208,238,252,260,264],"tracking":[6,36,55,63,150,166,239],"of":[7,52,93,132,191,204,266],"moving":[8,94,192],"targets":[9],"by":[10,33,64],"video":[11,24,82,101,123,247],"synthetic":[12],"aperture":[13],"radar":[14],"(video":[15],"SAR).":[16],"However,":[17,76],"they":[18,108],"always":[19],"appear":[20],"groups":[22],"SAR":[25,83,102,124,248],"images.":[26],"In":[27],"such":[28],"cases,":[29],"track":[30],"effects":[31],"produced":[32],"existing":[34],"single-target":[35],"methods":[37],"no":[39],"longer":[40],"satisfactory.":[41],"To":[42],"this":[43,89,159],"end,":[44],"an":[45],"effective":[46],"way":[47],"to":[48,127,136,176,187,199,214,226,236],"obtain":[49,215],"capability":[51],"multiple":[53,164],"target":[54,95,165],"(MTT)":[56],"is":[57,90,184,221],"urgent":[59],"demand.":[60],"Note":[61],"that":[62,91,251],"detection":[65,179],"(TBD)":[66],"for":[67,88,223],"MTT":[68,84],"optical":[70,105],"images":[71,106,125],"has":[72],"achieved":[73],"great":[74],"success.":[75],"TBD":[77,133,170],"cannot":[78],"be":[79],"utilized":[80],"directly.":[85],"The":[86,117,241],"reasons":[87],"shadows":[92,121,190],"quite":[97],"different":[98],"from":[99],"image":[103],"than":[104],"as":[107,211,213],"time-varying":[110],"and":[111,134,171,259,269],"their":[112],"pixel":[113],"sizes":[114],"small.":[116],"aforementioned":[118],"characteristics":[119],"make":[120],"hard":[126],"detect":[128,188],"process":[131,210],"lead":[135],"numerous":[137],"matching":[138,228],"errors":[139],"data":[142,224],"association":[143,225],"process,":[144],"which":[145],"greatly":[146],"affects":[147],"final":[149],"performance.":[151],"Aiming":[152],"at":[153],"above":[155],"two":[156,245],"problems,":[157],"paper,":[160],"we":[161,231],"propose":[162],"a":[163,233],"method":[167,254],"based":[168],"on":[169,244],"Siamese":[173],"network.":[174],"Specifically,":[175],"improve":[177],"accuracy,":[180],"multi-scale":[182,267],"Faster-RCNN":[183,268],"first":[185],"proposed":[186,222,253],"targets.":[193],"Meanwhile,":[194],"dimension":[195],"clusters":[196],"accelerate":[200],"convergence":[202],"speed":[203],"model":[206],"training":[209],"well":[212],"better":[216],"network":[217],"weights.":[218],"Then,":[219],"SiamNet":[220],"reduce":[227],"errors.":[229],"Finally,":[230],"apply":[232],"Kalman":[234],"filter":[235],"update":[237],"results.":[240],"experimental":[242],"results":[243],"real":[246],"datasets":[249],"demonstrate":[250],"outperforms":[255],"other":[256],"state-of-art":[257],"methods,":[258],"ablation":[261],"experiment":[262],"verifies":[263],"effectiveness":[265],"SimaNet.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}