{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313244707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129","title":"An Epipolar HS-NCC Flow Algorithm for DSM Generation Using GaoFen-3 Stereo SAR Images","display_name":"An Epipolar HS-NCC Flow Algorithm for DSM Generation Using GaoFen-3 Stereo SAR Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313244707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/129/pdf?version=1672809085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/129/pdf?version=1672809085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006836012","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-5566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072466026","display_name":"Xiaolei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-583X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014901070","display_name":"Zeng\u2010Hui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenghui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090674034","display_name":"Xikai Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xikai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072466026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8151,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73789184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"129","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epipolar-geometry","display_name":"Epipolar geometry","score":0.8348479866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7038600444793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6265895366668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5196632146835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5190044641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4296427369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3547438979148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.2824367880821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23563119769096375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23379248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200904","display_name":"Epipolar geometry","level":3,"score":0.8348479866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7038600444793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6265895366668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5196632146835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5190044641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4296427369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3547438979148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2824367880821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23563119769096375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/129/pdf?version=1672809085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48aa65af06684e9bbd380a685846991a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48aa65af06684e9bbd380a685846991a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 129 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/129/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 129","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/129/pdf?version=1672809085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313244707.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313244707.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638849920","https://openalex.org/W1481458072","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1971891450","https://openalex.org/W2009066556","https://openalex.org/W2029478341","https://openalex.org/W2030233108","https://openalex.org/W2055992258","https://openalex.org/W2057517948","https://openalex.org/W2067326030","https://openalex.org/W2071464632","https://openalex.org/W2074724651","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2097251401","https://openalex.org/W2098852605","https://openalex.org/W2104974755","https://openalex.org/W2106780395","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2122318139","https://openalex.org/W2126083718","https://openalex.org/W2131579485","https://openalex.org/W2165114467","https://openalex.org/W2169095385","https://openalex.org/W2464606634","https://openalex.org/W2485712420","https://openalex.org/W2772901824","https://openalex.org/W2791027716","https://openalex.org/W2946382053","https://openalex.org/W2969094051","https://openalex.org/W2990299850","https://openalex.org/W2993442052","https://openalex.org/W3005342681","https://openalex.org/W3020947455","https://openalex.org/W3124495056","https://openalex.org/W4210761550","https://openalex.org/W4224216352","https://openalex.org/W4224276382","https://openalex.org/W4280642367","https://openalex.org/W4285410901","https://openalex.org/W4293335051","https://openalex.org/W6668400223","https://openalex.org/W6675374823","https://openalex.org/W6678722485","https://openalex.org/W6719360656","https://openalex.org/W6776352718","https://openalex.org/W6789592698","https://openalex.org/W6839942928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737258383","https://openalex.org/W2649341231","https://openalex.org/W2101703235","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2032060170","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radargrammetry":[0],"is":[1,16,78,97],"a":[2,114,127],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"methodology":[5],"to":[6,24,99,103,118,133,152,162,189],"generate":[7],"the":[8,17,25,30,43,49,94,101,105,110,136,142,154,163,179,192,199,203,213],"large-scale":[9],"Digital":[10],"Surface":[11],"Model":[12],"(DSM).":[13],"Stereo":[14],"matching":[15],"most":[18],"challenging":[19],"step":[20],"in":[21,38],"radargrammetry":[22],"due":[23],"significant":[26,39],"geometric":[27],"differences":[28,41],"and":[29,158,175,178,183,209,216],"inherent":[31],"speckle":[32,35],"noise.":[33],"The":[34,123,195],"noise":[36],"results":[37,196],"grayscale":[40,137],"of":[42],"same":[44],"feature":[45],"points,":[46],"which":[47,77],"makes":[48],"traditional":[50],"Horn\u2013Schunck":[51],"(HS)":[52],"flow":[53,82,215],"or":[54],"multi-window":[55,217],"zero-mean":[56],"normalized":[57,85,129],"cross-correlation":[58,130,156],"(ZNCC)":[59],"methods":[60,149],"degrade.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"this":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"an":[66,79],"algorithm":[67,201],"named":[68],"Epipolar":[69],"HS-NCC":[70],"Flow":[71],"(EHNF)":[72],"for":[73,135,141],"dense":[74],"stereo":[75,91,107,121,144],"matching,":[76],"improved":[80],"HS":[81,214],"method":[83,112,125],"with":[84,212],"cross-correction":[86],"constraint":[87,131],"based":[88],"on":[89],"epipolar":[90,95],"images.":[92,145],"First,":[93],"geometry":[96],"applied":[98],"resample":[100],"image":[102,171],"realize":[104],"coarse":[106],"matching.":[108,122],"Subsequently,":[109],"EHNF":[111,124,200],"forms":[113],"global":[115],"energy":[116],"function":[117],"achieve":[119],"fine":[120],"constructs":[126],"local":[128],"term":[132],"compensate":[134],"invariance":[138],"constraint,":[139],"especially":[140],"SAR":[143],"Additionally,":[146],"two":[147],"assessment":[148],"are":[150,187],"proposed":[151,193],"calculate":[153],"optimal":[155],"parameter":[157,160],"smoothness":[159],"according":[161],"refined":[164],"matched":[165],"point":[166],"pairs.":[167],"Two":[168],"GaoFen-3":[169],"(GF-3)":[170],"pairs":[172],"from":[173],"ascending":[174],"descending":[176],"orbits":[177],"open":[180],"Light":[181],"Detection":[182],"Ranging":[184],"(LiDAR)":[185],"data":[186],"utilized":[188],"fully":[190],"evaluate":[191],"method.":[194],"demonstrate":[197],"that":[198],"improves":[202],"DSM":[204],"elevation":[205],"accuracy":[206],"by":[207],"9.6%":[208],"27.0%":[210],"compared":[211],"ZNCC":[218],"methods,":[219],"respectively.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}