{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312187930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024","title":"A Cloud Detection Method Based on Spectral and Gradient Features for SDGSAT-1 Multispectral Images","display_name":"A Cloud Detection Method Based on Spectral and Gradient Features for SDGSAT-1 Multispectral Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312187930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/24/pdf?version=1671627115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/24/pdf?version=1671627115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088883611","display_name":"Kaiqiang Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqiang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050252","display_name":"Jiayin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7554-9661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612008","display_name":"Feng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-3639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-3639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427457","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4067-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678184","display_name":"Yuxin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6966-4954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108050252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88518078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8024193644523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7571563124656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5695520043373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.49896979331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4929823875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46320924162864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4465314745903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.41835853457450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.41133415699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24236619472503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2059134840965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11631613969802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.094096839427948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8024193644523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7571563124656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5695520043373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.49896979331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4929823875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46320924162864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4465314745903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.41835853457450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.41133415699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24236619472503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2059134840965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11631613969802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.094096839427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/24/pdf?version=1671627115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2243b844756a4212a17d4e2c026db4a7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2243b844756a4212a17d4e2c026db4a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 24 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/24/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 24","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/24/pdf?version=1671627115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312187930.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625827677","https://openalex.org/W1195341036","https://openalex.org/W1967395374","https://openalex.org/W1981435276","https://openalex.org/W1987882549","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2028915339","https://openalex.org/W2063446453","https://openalex.org/W2068124105","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2166385185","https://openalex.org/W2214387950","https://openalex.org/W2566143549","https://openalex.org/W2767865294","https://openalex.org/W2779097157","https://openalex.org/W2800462624","https://openalex.org/W2804526550","https://openalex.org/W2807993528","https://openalex.org/W2809328251","https://openalex.org/W2900702559","https://openalex.org/W2909161788","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2922288958","https://openalex.org/W2927366040","https://openalex.org/W2938556588","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2994745448","https://openalex.org/W2997900157","https://openalex.org/W3005268655","https://openalex.org/W3012975023","https://openalex.org/W3024032923","https://openalex.org/W3044639176","https://openalex.org/W3100733145","https://openalex.org/W3182928821","https://openalex.org/W3207387664","https://openalex.org/W4285246187","https://openalex.org/W4289520207","https://openalex.org/W6761425276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W2084145074","https://openalex.org/W1978077614","https://openalex.org/W1982418987","https://openalex.org/W2160357252","https://openalex.org/W4327563507","https://openalex.org/W2603494857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,64,96,129,139,141,163],"the":[2,72,97,108,144,172,181,201],"limited":[3],"penetration":[4],"of":[5,174,192,204],"visible":[6],"bands,":[7],"optical":[8,25,36],"remote":[9,37],"sensing":[10,38],"images":[11,89,177,193,205],"are":[12,161],"inevitably":[13],"contaminated":[14],"by":[15],"clouds.":[16],"Therefore,":[17],"cloud":[18,21,67,76,103,131,165],"detection":[19,77],"or":[20],"mask":[22],"products":[23],"for":[24,86],"image":[26],"processing":[27],"is":[28,90,150,155,209],"a":[29,55,75],"very":[30],"important":[31],"step.":[32],"Compared":[33],"with":[34,194,206],"conventional":[35],"satellites":[39],"(such":[40],"as":[41],"Landsat":[42],"series":[43],"and":[44,68,82,104,125,132,166,178,200],"Sentinel-2),":[45],"sustainable":[46],"development":[47],"science":[48],"Satellite-1":[49],"(SDGSAT-1)":[50],"multi-spectral":[51],"imager":[52],"(MII)":[53],"lacks":[54],"short-wave":[56],"infrared":[57],"(SWIR)":[58],"band":[59],"that":[60,158,184],"can":[61,197],"be":[62],"used":[63,162],"effectively":[65],"distinguish":[66,130,164],"snow.":[69],"To":[70],"solve":[71],"above":[73,210],"problems,":[74],"method":[78,109,149],"based":[79],"on":[80],"spectral":[81,100],"gradient":[83,159],"features":[84,101,160],"(SGF)":[85],"SDGSAT-1":[87,175],"multispectral":[88,176],"proposed":[91],"in":[92,99,137,168],"this":[93,169],"paper.":[94,170],"According":[95],"differences":[98],"between":[102],"other":[105,207],"ground":[106,134],"objects,":[107],"combines":[110],"four":[111],"features,":[112],"namely,":[113],"brightness,":[114],"normalized":[115,120],"difference":[116,121],"water":[117],"index":[118,123],"(NDWI),":[119],"vegetation":[122],"(NDVI),":[124],"haze-optimized":[126],"transformation":[127],"(HOT)":[128],"most":[133],"objects.":[135],"Meanwhile,":[136],"order":[138],"adapt":[140],"different":[142],"environments,":[143],"dynamic":[145],"threshold":[146],"using":[147],"Otsu\u2019s":[148],"adopted.":[151],"In":[152],"addition,":[153],"it":[154],"worth":[156],"mentioning":[157],"snow":[167,195],"With":[171],"test":[173],"comparison":[179],"experiments,":[180],"results":[182],"show":[183],"SGF":[185],"has":[186],"excellent":[187],"performance.":[188],"The":[189],"overall":[190,202],"accuracy":[191,203],"surface":[196],"reach":[198],"90.80%,":[199],"surfaces":[208],"94%.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2023-01-04T00:00:00"}
