{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313471411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014","title":"An Empirical Bayesian Approach to Quantify Multi-Scale Spatial Structural Diversity in Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"An Empirical Bayesian Approach to Quantify Multi-Scale Spatial Structural Diversity in Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313471411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/14/pdf?version=1672409487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/14/pdf?version=1672409487","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067998604","display_name":"Leila Schuh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-7767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leila A. Schuh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-7767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030734772","display_name":"Maria J. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria J. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017159201","display_name":"Michael E. Schaepman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Schaepman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016890115","display_name":"Reinhard Furrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-2332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Furrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Institute of Computational Science, University of Zurich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-2332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Science, University of Zurich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067998604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65807869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6664647459983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5438985228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48440319299697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.48323020339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4823536276817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.47151362895965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.44184187054634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.43914711475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2277424931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21058982610702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.19146937131881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.13659465312957764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6664647459983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5438985228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48440319299697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.48323020339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4823536276817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.47151362895965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.44184187054634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.43914711475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2277424931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21058982610702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.19146937131881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13659465312957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/14/pdf?version=1672409487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:228847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schuh, Leila A; Santos, Maria J; Schaepman, Michael E; Furrer, Reinhard  (2022). An Empirical Bayesian Approach to Quantify Multi-Scale Spatial Structural Diversity in Remote Sensing Data.  Remote Sensing, 15(1):14.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2783a3bc7c34417b8106f7dcdc9f4f68","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2783a3bc7c34417b8106f7dcdc9f4f68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 14 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/1/14/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 1; Pages: 14","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-228847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-228847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/1/14/pdf?version=1672409487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313471411.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64779844","https://openalex.org/W134563810","https://openalex.org/W605132206","https://openalex.org/W1540935623","https://openalex.org/W1557987047","https://openalex.org/W1874639023","https://openalex.org/W1951294597","https://openalex.org/W1963932168","https://openalex.org/W1964182541","https://openalex.org/W1972972727","https://openalex.org/W1975026356","https://openalex.org/W1976041275","https://openalex.org/W1990216448","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997866865","https://openalex.org/W2000424355","https://openalex.org/W2009100492","https://openalex.org/W2010527224","https://openalex.org/W2017610975","https://openalex.org/W2019972036","https://openalex.org/W2031574602","https://openalex.org/W2033792725","https://openalex.org/W2040766929","https://openalex.org/W2041403224","https://openalex.org/W2044175740","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2063771995","https://openalex.org/W2066932978","https://openalex.org/W2079852922","https://openalex.org/W2086141297","https://openalex.org/W2086688596","https://openalex.org/W2098721529","https://openalex.org/W2102862543","https://openalex.org/W2112230945","https://openalex.org/W2113711456","https://openalex.org/W2113805218","https://openalex.org/W2119451057","https://openalex.org/W2120959665","https://openalex.org/W2122131085","https://openalex.org/W2123284266","https://openalex.org/W2127227873","https://openalex.org/W2128499319","https://openalex.org/W2134027504","https://openalex.org/W2136642200","https://openalex.org/W2138684399","https://openalex.org/W2150240394","https://openalex.org/W2152138353","https://openalex.org/W2161887223","https://openalex.org/W2161992104","https://openalex.org/W2162305105","https://openalex.org/W2163541402","https://openalex.org/W2166109934","https://openalex.org/W2168250682","https://openalex.org/W2189645600","https://openalex.org/W2269793454","https://openalex.org/W2322480672","https://openalex.org/W2324950196","https://openalex.org/W2333451688","https://openalex.org/W2401523356","https://openalex.org/W2496675188","https://openalex.org/W2507428791","https://openalex.org/W2532344709","https://openalex.org/W2559556247","https://openalex.org/W2565360508","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2618505311","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2749543902","https://openalex.org/W2760792250","https://openalex.org/W2763503432","https://openalex.org/W2767594761","https://openalex.org/W2769813138","https://openalex.org/W2773637229","https://openalex.org/W2788527386","https://openalex.org/W2794494935","https://openalex.org/W2806867928","https://openalex.org/W2939344659","https://openalex.org/W2954811610","https://openalex.org/W2957177353","https://openalex.org/W2990024397","https://openalex.org/W3034612636","https://openalex.org/W3034980557","https://openalex.org/W3046064342","https://openalex.org/W3080093017","https://openalex.org/W3119605326","https://openalex.org/W3123340709","https://openalex.org/W3131163121","https://openalex.org/W3190894976","https://openalex.org/W4232383088","https://openalex.org/W4283029035","https://openalex.org/W4292262877","https://openalex.org/W4399588372","https://openalex.org/W6635437809","https://openalex.org/W6679117348","https://openalex.org/W6702695079","https://openalex.org/W6713564515","https://openalex.org/W6795848648","https://openalex.org/W6868819831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238028212","https://openalex.org/W2963387968","https://openalex.org/W4239351380","https://openalex.org/W1486009484","https://openalex.org/W2361570780","https://openalex.org/W2146714472","https://openalex.org/W2149765389","https://openalex.org/W2102207964","https://openalex.org/W1520742015","https://openalex.org/W2343030682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landscape":[0],"structure":[1,26],"is":[2],"as":[3,7,18,22,124],"much":[4],"a":[5,8,48,76,81],"driver":[6],"product":[9],"of":[10,111,177],"environmental":[11],"and":[12,15,31,34,73,80,101,105,126,148,212],"biological":[13],"interactions":[14],"it":[16],"manifests":[17],"scale-specific,":[19],"but":[20],"also":[21,107,173],"multi-scale":[23,53,118,149,195],"patterns.":[24],"Multi-scale":[25,138],"affects":[27],"processes":[28],"on":[29,92,102],"smaller":[30],"larger":[32],"scales":[33,41],"its":[35],"detection":[36],"requires":[37],"information":[38,64],"from":[39,65,162],"different":[40,66,161],"to":[42,51,85,191,200],"be":[43,170,181,198],"combined.":[44],"Herein,":[45],"we":[46,74,106,206],"propose":[47],"novel":[49],"method":[50,91,189],"quantify":[52],"spatial":[54,136,146,166],"structural":[55,119],"diversity":[56,120],"in":[57,98,209,217],"continuous":[58],"remote":[59],"sensing":[60],"data.":[61],"We":[62,88,115,172],"combined":[63],"extents":[67],"with":[68],"an":[69],"empirical":[70],"Bayesian":[71],"model":[72],"applied":[75,199],"new":[77],"entropy":[78],"metric":[79],"value":[82],"co-occurrence":[83],"approach":[84,196],"capture":[86],"heterogeneity.":[87],"tested":[89,108],"this":[90,210],"Normalized":[93],"Difference":[94],"Vegetation":[95],"Index":[96],"data":[97,104],"northern":[99],"Eurasia":[100],"simulated":[103],"the":[109,142,175,188,204,214,218],"effect":[110],"coarser":[112],"pixel":[113],"resolution.":[114],"find":[116,174],"that":[117],"can":[121,169,197],"reveal":[122,141,151],"itself":[123],"patches":[125,150],"linear":[127],"landscape":[128],"features,":[129],"which":[130,186],"persist":[131],"or":[132],"become":[133],"apparent":[134],"across":[135],"scales.":[137],"line":[139],"features":[140],"transition":[143,155],"zones":[144,156],"between":[145],"regimes":[147,167],"those":[152],"areas":[153],"within":[154],"where":[157],"values":[158],"are":[159],"most":[160],"each":[163],"other.":[164],"Additionally,":[165],"themselves":[168],"distinguished.":[171],"choice":[176],"scale":[178],"need":[179],"not":[180],"informed":[182],"by":[183],"typical":[184],"length-scales,":[185],"makes":[187],"easy":[190],"implement.":[192],"The":[193],"proposed":[194],"other":[201],"contexts,":[202],"following":[203],"roadmap":[205],"pave":[207],"out":[208],"study":[211],"using":[213],"tools":[215],"available":[216],"accompanying":[219],"R":[220],"package":[221],"StrucDiv.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}