{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313408582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387","title":"Simulation of the Use of Variance Component Estimation in Relative Weighting of Inter-Satellite Links and GNSS Measurements","display_name":"Simulation of the Use of Variance Component Estimation in Relative Weighting of Inter-Satellite Links and GNSS Measurements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313408582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6387/pdf?version=1671600574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6387/pdf?version=1671600574","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017474258","display_name":"Tomasz Kur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122697084","display_name":"Centrum Bada\u0144 Kosmicznych","ror":"https://ror.org/03zm2br59","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122697084","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Kur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centrum Bada\u0144 Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk (CBK PAN) Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centrum Bada\u0144 Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk (CBK PAN) Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122697084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071978363","display_name":"Tomasz Liwosz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-4625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Liwosz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017474258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122697084"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.7363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95578266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"24","first_page":"6387","last_page":"6387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.8271162509918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.709124743938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6884632706642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6244306564331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5267928242683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.48042988777160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4795669913291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4617116451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit-determination","display_name":"Orbit determination","score":0.4610885977745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4471627473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4377460479736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4343225955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-components","display_name":"Variance components","score":0.42692044377326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.4150993525981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.4112972021102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40388599038124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.29810070991516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.24834206700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18099811673164368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1482665240764618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08660948276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.0689035952091217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.8271162509918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.709124743938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884632706642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6244306564331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5267928242683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.48042988777160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4795669913291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4617116451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.4610885977745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4471627473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4377460479736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4343225955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018076075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Variance components","level":2,"score":0.42692044377326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4150993525981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4112972021102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40388599038124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29810070991516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.24834206700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18099811673164368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1482665240764618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08660948276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0689035952091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6387/pdf?version=1671600574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e25be62d2c4246fa8cb49984ff5a8987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e25be62d2c4246fa8cb49984ff5a8987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 24, p 6387 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/24/6387/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 24; Pages: 6387","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6387/pdf?version=1671600574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313408582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313408582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W239762720","https://openalex.org/W1094560243","https://openalex.org/W1584739644","https://openalex.org/W1967289612","https://openalex.org/W1968195976","https://openalex.org/W1984184166","https://openalex.org/W1988417523","https://openalex.org/W1990006813","https://openalex.org/W1998861234","https://openalex.org/W2005577119","https://openalex.org/W2047808356","https://openalex.org/W2053987409","https://openalex.org/W2063085808","https://openalex.org/W2063120566","https://openalex.org/W2112800621","https://openalex.org/W2119884248","https://openalex.org/W2125784910","https://openalex.org/W2133426022","https://openalex.org/W2145757351","https://openalex.org/W2151501940","https://openalex.org/W2153382690","https://openalex.org/W2172873709","https://openalex.org/W2411181256","https://openalex.org/W2510452602","https://openalex.org/W2520748035","https://openalex.org/W2559105590","https://openalex.org/W2562916158","https://openalex.org/W2607349064","https://openalex.org/W2618365799","https://openalex.org/W2760787134","https://openalex.org/W2763155489","https://openalex.org/W2785620435","https://openalex.org/W2786833733","https://openalex.org/W2788838500","https://openalex.org/W2788935277","https://openalex.org/W2806243526","https://openalex.org/W2891543356","https://openalex.org/W2907062721","https://openalex.org/W2915777987","https://openalex.org/W2923947307","https://openalex.org/W2969475090","https://openalex.org/W3002535541","https://openalex.org/W3002856551","https://openalex.org/W3009567628","https://openalex.org/W3023130725","https://openalex.org/W3033524570","https://openalex.org/W3035466976","https://openalex.org/W3040324832","https://openalex.org/W3041692326","https://openalex.org/W3089706931","https://openalex.org/W3092403076","https://openalex.org/W3126252279","https://openalex.org/W3131005407","https://openalex.org/W3133572961","https://openalex.org/W3136400340","https://openalex.org/W3165800704","https://openalex.org/W3179591234","https://openalex.org/W3186368119","https://openalex.org/W3198436084","https://openalex.org/W4200185335","https://openalex.org/W4220896548","https://openalex.org/W4288045863","https://openalex.org/W4306250239","https://openalex.org/W4307122611","https://openalex.org/W6686749315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W190814115","https://openalex.org/W1594059563","https://openalex.org/W3094200819","https://openalex.org/W2575763957","https://openalex.org/W2381038691","https://openalex.org/W2131484290","https://openalex.org/W1965356149","https://openalex.org/W3152732752","https://openalex.org/W2741424075","https://openalex.org/W1630713849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inter-satellite":[0],"links":[1],"(ISLs)":[2],"can":[3,149],"improve":[4],"the":[5,8,34,54,75,78,84,90,96,141,174,193,198,201],"performance":[6,52],"of":[7,16,36,41,53,68,77,81,89,95,98,102,158,164,176,181,200],"Global":[9],"Navigation":[10],"Satellite":[11],"System":[12],"(GNSS)":[13],"in":[14,38,74,83,114],"terms":[15],"precise":[17],"orbit":[18,39,126,202],"determination,":[19],"communication,":[20],"and":[21,93,106,111,173],"data-exchange":[22],"capabilities.":[23],"This":[24],"research":[25],"aimed":[26],"to":[27,130,156],"evaluate":[28],"a":[29,133],"simulation-based":[30],"processing":[31,91,194],"strategy":[32,92],"involving":[33],"exploitation":[35],"ISLs":[37],"determination":[40],"Galileo":[42],"satellites,":[43],"which":[44],"are":[45],"not":[46],"equipped":[47],"with":[48,66,132,152,170,188],"operational":[49],"ISLs.":[50],"The":[51,116,162,179],"estimation":[55,71,166],"process":[56],"is":[57],"first":[58],"tested":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61,136,140],"relative":[62],"weighting":[63,171],"coefficients":[64],"obtained":[65],"methods":[67],"variance":[69],"component":[70],"(VCE)":[72],"varying":[73],"complexity":[76],"calculations.":[79],"Inclusion":[80],"biases":[82],"ISL":[85,143,146],"measurements":[86],"allows":[87],"evaluation":[88],"assessment":[94],"impact":[97,135],"three":[99],"different":[100,121],"sets":[101],"ground":[103,177],"stations:":[104],"44":[105],"16":[107,112],"stations":[108],"distributed":[109],"globally":[110],"located":[113],"Europe.":[115],"results":[117,180],"indicate":[118],"that":[119],"using":[120],"VCE":[122,187],"approaches":[123],"might":[124,196],"lower":[125],"errors":[127],"by":[128],"up":[129],"20%":[131],"negligible":[134],"clock":[137],"estimation.":[138,203],"Depending":[139],"applied":[142],"connectivity":[144],"scheme,":[145],"range":[147],"bias":[148,160,165],"be":[150,168],"estimated":[151],"RMS":[153],"between":[154],"10%":[155],"30%":[157],"initial":[159],"values.":[161],"accuracy":[163,199],"may":[167],"associated":[169],"approach":[172],"number":[175],"stations.":[178],"this":[182],"study":[183],"show":[184],"how":[185],"introducing":[186],"various":[189],"simulation":[190],"parameters":[191],"into":[192],"chain":[195],"increase":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-01-06T00:00:00"}