{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313408624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373","title":"Deep Learning-Based Flood Area Extraction for Fully Automated and Persistent Flood Monitoring Using Cloud Computing","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Flood Area Extraction for Fully Automated and Persistent Flood Monitoring Using Cloud Computing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313408624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6373/pdf?version=1671186910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6373/pdf?version=1671186910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615641","display_name":"Junwoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-1060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002906247","display_name":"Hwisong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwisong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007055878","display_name":"Duk\u2010jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duk-jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070255186","display_name":"Juyoung Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-9490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juyoung Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101842366","display_name":"Chenglei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-967X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007055878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72511558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"24","first_page":"6373","last_page":"6373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.7255563139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6881881356239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5927179455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5686265826225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5412814617156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49762848019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.4858560264110565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4675309360027313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3614690899848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12004062533378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.7255563139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6881881356239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5927179455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5686265826225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5412814617156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49762848019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.4858560264110565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4675309360027313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3614690899848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12004062533378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6373/pdf?version=1671186910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b82bab0659b042d28f533289e12673a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b82bab0659b042d28f533289e12673a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 24, p 6373 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/24/6373/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 24; Pages: 6373","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6373/pdf?version=1671186910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1152147636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1I1A1A01072048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313408624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313408624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590065089","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1969150627","https://openalex.org/W1969758979","https://openalex.org/W1972183204","https://openalex.org/W1981646498","https://openalex.org/W1982188349","https://openalex.org/W1993345130","https://openalex.org/W2036033867","https://openalex.org/W2108484081","https://openalex.org/W2114436212","https://openalex.org/W2119534769","https://openalex.org/W2138002125","https://openalex.org/W2157188443","https://openalex.org/W2158776858","https://openalex.org/W2159432279","https://openalex.org/W2295862745","https://openalex.org/W2333062412","https://openalex.org/W2462089918","https://openalex.org/W2531340046","https://openalex.org/W2544826914","https://openalex.org/W2751895300","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2766822059","https://openalex.org/W2778936354","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2784203435","https://openalex.org/W2787879829","https://openalex.org/W2789865809","https://openalex.org/W2793014151","https://openalex.org/W2803972022","https://openalex.org/W2810451272","https://openalex.org/W2891210387","https://openalex.org/W2901919361","https://openalex.org/W2903047573","https://openalex.org/W2936361621","https://openalex.org/W3000627240","https://openalex.org/W3007670829","https://openalex.org/W3031446962","https://openalex.org/W3048034423","https://openalex.org/W3089531068","https://openalex.org/W3208957877","https://openalex.org/W3215685144","https://openalex.org/W4225390045","https://openalex.org/W4293226370","https://openalex.org/W6745636039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4312193868","https://openalex.org/W4308165509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite-based":[0],"flood":[1,52,60,87,98,194,209,258,287,292],"monitoring":[2,23,61,195,259,288,293],"for":[3,24,56,74,205,279,290],"providing":[4,83],"visual":[5,84],"information":[6,85],"on":[7,69,86],"the":[8,41,96,191,206,222,231,237,255,262],"targeted":[9],"areas":[10],"is":[11,64,252],"crucial":[12],"in":[13,211,219,269],"responding":[14],"to":[15,66,114,283],"and":[16,33,37,39,82,120,140,148,157,166,169,182,188,217,226,245,261,277],"recovering":[17],"from":[18,79],"river":[19],"floods.":[20],"However,":[21],"such":[22],"practical":[25],"purposes":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"constrained":[29],"mainly":[30],"by":[31,199],"obtaining":[32],"analyzing":[34],"satellite":[35],"data,":[36,81],"linking":[38],"optimizing":[40],"required":[42],"processes.":[43],"For":[44],"these":[45],"purposes,":[46],"we":[47],"present":[48],"a":[49,57,70,274,285],"deep":[50,103,263,295],"learning-based":[51],"area":[53,78,99],"extraction":[54,100,266],"model":[55,101,106,267],"fully":[58,192,256],"automated":[59,193,257],"system,":[62],"which":[63,135,176],"designed":[65],"continuously":[67],"operate":[68],"cloud-based":[71,286],"computing":[72],"platform":[73],"regularly":[75],"extracting":[76],"flooded":[77],"Sentinel-1":[80,203],"situations":[88],"with":[89,221],"better":[90],"image":[91,179],"segmentation":[92,138,180],"accuracy.":[93],"To":[94],"develop":[95],"new":[97],"using":[102,294],"learning,":[104],"initial":[105],"tests":[107],"were":[108,161,197,248],"performed":[109],"more":[110],"than":[111],"500":[112],"times":[113],"determine":[115],"optimal":[116],"hyperparameters,":[117,223],"water":[118],"ratio,":[119,225],"best":[121],"band":[122,227],"combination.":[123],"The":[124,186],"results":[125],"of":[126,151,190,213,236,242],"this":[127,270],"research":[128,271],"showed":[129,239],"that":[130,240,254],"at":[131],"\u2018waterbody":[132],"ratio":[133],"30%\u2019,":[134],"yielded":[136],"higher":[137],"accuracies":[139],"lower":[141],"loss,":[142],"precision,":[143],"overall":[144],"accuracy,":[145],"IOU,":[146],"recall,":[147],"F1":[149],"score":[150],"\u2018VV,":[152],"aspect,":[153],"topographic":[154],"wetness":[155],"index,":[156],"buffer":[158],"input":[159],"bands\u2019":[160],"0.976,":[162],"0.956,":[163],"0.894,":[164],"0.964,":[165],"0.970,":[167],"respectively,":[168],"averaged":[170],"inference":[171],"time":[172],"was":[173],"744.3941":[174],"s,":[175],"demonstrate":[177],"improved":[178],"accuracy":[181],"reduced":[183],"processing":[184],"time.":[185],"operation":[187],"robustness":[189],"system":[196,260,289],"demonstrated":[198],"automatically":[200],"segmenting":[201],"12":[202],"images":[204],"two":[207],"major":[208],"events":[210],"Republic":[212],"Korea":[214],"during":[215],"2020":[216],"2022":[218],"accordance":[220],"waterbody":[224,265],"combinations":[228],"determined":[229],"through":[230],"intensive":[232],"tests.":[233],"Visual":[234],"inspection":[235],"outputs":[238],"misclassification":[241],"constructed":[243],"facilities":[244],"mountain":[246],"shadows":[247],"extremely":[249],"reduced.":[250],"It":[251],"anticipated":[253],"leaning-based":[264],"presented":[268],"could":[272],"be":[273],"valuable":[275],"reference":[276],"benchmark":[278],"other":[280],"countries":[281],"trying":[282],"build":[284],"rapid":[291],"learning.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
