{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311793717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349","title":"A Study on the Effect of Multispectral LiDAR Data on Automated Semantic Segmentation of 3D-Point Clouds","display_name":"A Study on the Effect of Multispectral LiDAR Data on Automated Semantic Segmentation of 3D-Point Clouds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311793717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6349/pdf?version=1671097738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6349/pdf?version=1671097738","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049705155","display_name":"Valentin Vierhub-Lorenz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-9337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088263","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/004n2nr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentin Vierhub-Lorenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051652644","display_name":"Maximilian Kellner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088263","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/004n2nr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Kellner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008077156","display_name":"Oliver Zipfel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088263","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/004n2nr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Zipfel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015835709","display_name":"Alexander Reiterer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-3876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088263","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/004n2nr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Reiterer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049705155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088263"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2274,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2452},"fwci":0.6812,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64295632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"24","first_page":"6349","last_page":"6349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8917032480239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8010655641555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7803434133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7397278547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6492047309875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6467970609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5376788973808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5089964866638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.44141504168510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43823784589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12010350823402405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8917032480239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8010655641555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803434133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7397278547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6492047309875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6467970609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5376788973808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5089964866638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.44141504168510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43823784589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12010350823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6349/pdf?version=1671097738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18213c82d956457a979aa5d62253597b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18213c82d956457a979aa5d62253597b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 24, p 6349 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/24/6349/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 24; Pages: 6349","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/430054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/430054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6349/pdf?version=1671097738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311793717.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311793717.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467891129","https://openalex.org/W1972476081","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W2003987953","https://openalex.org/W2030080266","https://openalex.org/W2114722820","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2605756460","https://openalex.org/W2725150247","https://openalex.org/W2788906470","https://openalex.org/W2795587607","https://openalex.org/W2977835373","https://openalex.org/W3000058646","https://openalex.org/W3048038848","https://openalex.org/W3098686394","https://openalex.org/W3155309226","https://openalex.org/W3174562789","https://openalex.org/W4292451836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"mapping":[1,143],"is":[2,14,36],"an":[3],"application":[4],"field":[5],"of":[6,10,19,27,48,63,76,98,112,122,132,152],"ever-increasing":[7],"relevance.":[8],"Data":[9],"the":[11,44,46,49,52,64,69,74,80,88,96,101,110,130,133,145,150,153,166,170,174,187,196],"surrounding":[12],"environment":[13],"typically":[15],"captured":[16],"using":[17,40,169],"combinations":[18],"LiDAR":[20,50,70,116,135],"systems":[21],"and":[22,33,51,78,137,149,181],"cameras.":[23],"The":[24,105,159,184],"large":[25],"amounts":[26],"measurement":[28],"data":[29,47,71,77,82],"are":[30,155],"then":[31],"processed":[32],"interpreted,":[34],"which":[35,58],"often":[37,91],"done":[38],"automated":[39,119],"neural":[41],"networks.":[42],"For":[43],"evaluation":[45],"cameras":[53],"needs":[54],"to":[55,95,125,178,191],"be":[56,192],"fused,":[57],"requires":[59],"a":[60,113,141,162],"reliable":[61],"calibration":[62],"sensors.":[65],"Segmentation":[66],"solemnly":[67],"on":[68,87,118,140,186,195],"drastically":[72],"decreases":[73],"amount":[75],"makes":[79],"complex":[81],"fusion":[83],"process":[84],"obsolete":[85],"but":[86],"other":[89],"hand":[90,108],"performs":[92],"poorly":[93],"due":[94],"lack":[97],"information":[99,172],"about":[100],"surface":[102],"remission":[103],"properties.":[104],"work":[106],"at":[107],"evaluates":[109],"effect":[111],"novel":[114],"multispectral":[115,134,175],"system":[117,136],"semantic":[120],"segmentation":[121],"3D-point":[123],"clouds":[124],"overcome":[126],"this":[127],"downside.":[128],"Besides":[129],"presentation":[131],"its":[138],"implementation":[139],"mobile":[142],"vehicle,":[144],"point":[146],"cloud":[147],"processing":[148],"training":[151],"CNN":[154],"described":[156],"in":[157,165],"detail.":[158],"results":[160],"show":[161],"significant":[163],"increase":[164],"mIoU":[167],"when":[168],"additional":[171],"from":[173],"channel":[176],"compared":[177],"just":[179],"3D":[180],"intensity":[182],"information.":[183],"impact":[185],"IoU":[188],"was":[189],"found":[190],"strongly":[193],"dependent":[194],"class.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00"}
