{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311535401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224","title":"Bi-Kernel Graph Neural Network with Adaptive Propagation Mechanism for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Bi-Kernel Graph Neural Network with Adaptive Propagation Mechanism for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311535401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6224/pdf?version=1670675898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6224/pdf?version=1670675898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043672285","display_name":"Haojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090470209","display_name":"Yao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035860485","display_name":"Fang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-2568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091458655","display_name":"Fenggan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-9239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenggan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066300363","display_name":"Jianwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103550813","display_name":"Minli Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minli Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi\u2019an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090470209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78576433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"24","first_page":"6224","last_page":"6224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"Homophily","score":0.9652218818664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7022647261619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5513566732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5484340190887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5399091839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.539506196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5289231538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46732795238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32726946473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.20812484622001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1768220067024231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.9652218818664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7022647261619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5513566732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5484340190887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5399091839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.539506196975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5289231538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46732795238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32726946473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.20812484622001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1768220067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6224/pdf?version=1670675898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6002d17ea8e4928a8cf79acfa762255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6002d17ea8e4928a8cf79acfa762255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 24, p 6224 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/24/6224/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 24; Pages: 6224","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14246224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6224/pdf?version=1670675898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311535401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311535401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1979158807","https://openalex.org/W2004491663","https://openalex.org/W2004754531","https://openalex.org/W2017014096","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2089372326","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2097092275","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2342652911","https://openalex.org/W2345118402","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2620547787","https://openalex.org/W2737996023","https://openalex.org/W2754064832","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2892621946","https://openalex.org/W2912371366","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2939526493","https://openalex.org/W2953308875","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2984795071","https://openalex.org/W3007536931","https://openalex.org/W3024007459","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3100646853","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3111727634","https://openalex.org/W3137391901","https://openalex.org/W3145049705","https://openalex.org/W3157130577","https://openalex.org/W3196410189","https://openalex.org/W3200705513","https://openalex.org/W3210034512","https://openalex.org/W4210541032","https://openalex.org/W4213002639","https://openalex.org/W4214711995","https://openalex.org/W4226070402","https://openalex.org/W4226467560","https://openalex.org/W4229017132","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4283810673","https://openalex.org/W4285132110","https://openalex.org/W4285187901","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6747904511","https://openalex.org/W6784977419","https://openalex.org/W6791743587","https://openalex.org/W6794020371","https://openalex.org/W6801559280","https://openalex.org/W6809333099","https://openalex.org/W6811059901","https://openalex.org/W6839790520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185373886","https://openalex.org/W3010567961","https://openalex.org/W4200127153","https://openalex.org/W4385338594","https://openalex.org/W2588006872","https://openalex.org/W3119171992","https://openalex.org/W2560747187","https://openalex.org/W1971924293","https://openalex.org/W2011190096","https://openalex.org/W3175275009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0,61],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6,46],"applied":[7,91],"for":[8,67],"hyperspectral":[9],"image":[10],"(HSI)":[11],"classification,":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,82,92,103,127],"their":[15,26],"impressive":[16],"representation":[17],"ability.":[18],"It":[19],"is":[20,45,65,89],"well-known":[21],"that":[22,44],"typical":[23],"GNNs":[24],"and":[25,106,118],"variants":[27],"work":[28],"under":[29],"the":[30,42,49,71,76,94,110,114,119,143,146],"assumption":[31],"of":[32,113,145],"homophily,":[33],"while":[34],"most":[35],"existing":[36],"GNN-based":[37],"HSI":[38,68],"classification":[39],"methods":[40],"neglect":[41],"heterophily":[43,107],"present":[47],"in":[48,131],"constructed":[50],"graph":[51],"structure.":[52],"To":[53],"deal":[54],"with":[55],"this":[56],"problem,":[57],"a":[58,83],"homophily-guided":[59],"Bi-Kernel":[60],"Neural":[62],"Network":[63],"(BKGNN)":[64],"developed":[66],"classification.":[69],"In":[70],"proposed":[72,147],"BKGNN,":[73],"we":[74],"estimate":[75],"homophily":[77,85,105,115],"between":[78],"node":[79],"pairs":[80],"according":[81],"learnable":[84],"degree":[86,116],"matrix,":[87],"which":[88],"then":[90],"change":[93],"propagation":[95,122],"mechanism":[96],"by":[97],"adaptively":[98],"selecting":[99],"two":[100],"different":[101],"kernels":[102],"capture":[104],"information.":[108],"Meanwhile,":[109],"learning":[111],"process":[112,123],"matrix":[117],"bi-kernel":[120],"feature":[121],"are":[124],"trained":[125],"jointly":[126],"enhance":[128],"each":[129],"other":[130],"an":[132],"end-to-end":[133],"fashion.":[134],"Extensive":[135],"experiments":[136],"on":[137],"three":[138],"public":[139],"data":[140],"sets":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"method.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-12-27T00:00:00"}
