{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311103812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105","title":"A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping","display_name":"A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311103812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105/pdf?version=1670312284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105/pdf?version=1670312284","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036592821","display_name":"Anna Candotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Candotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy","Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universit\u00e0 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universit\u00e0 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010695573","display_name":"Michaela De Giglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-7777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michaela De Giglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068175985","display_name":"Marco Dubbini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6158-2727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dubbini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)\u2014Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106030091","display_name":"Enrico Tomelleri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Tomelleri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universit\u00e0 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universit\u00e0 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036592821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936","https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.2502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94428249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"6105","last_page":"6105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bark-beetle","display_name":"Bark beetle","score":0.745101273059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windthrow","display_name":"Windthrow","score":0.6928441524505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6173925399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.5636721253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4939168095588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-component","display_name":"Abiotic component","score":0.46813544631004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44257134199142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bark","display_name":"Bark (sound)","score":0.41423481702804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3247835338115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2987052798271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2528464198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.22138866782188416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720458","display_name":"Bark beetle","level":3,"score":0.745101273059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125072520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142074","display_name":"Windthrow","level":2,"score":0.6928441524505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6173925399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5636721253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4939168095588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132215390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461335","display_name":"Abiotic component","level":2,"score":0.46813544631004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44257134199142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133446333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38681","display_name":"Bark (sound)","level":2,"score":0.41423481702804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3247835338115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2987052798271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2528464198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.22138866782188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105/pdf?version=1670312284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/908731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/908731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cdc743bba66f4f5193ecc744bf34fe7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cdc743bba66f4f5193ecc744bf34fe7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 6105 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/6105/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 6105","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11316957900001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/A-Sentinel-2-Based-Multi-Temporal-Monitoring-Framework/991006786295401241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236105","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105/pdf?version=1670312284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311103812.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311103812.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1773704027","https://openalex.org/W1827587392","https://openalex.org/W1972664953","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1989203457","https://openalex.org/W2012711757","https://openalex.org/W2026337641","https://openalex.org/W2042063023","https://openalex.org/W2070858879","https://openalex.org/W2095055020","https://openalex.org/W2095074516","https://openalex.org/W2112842613","https://openalex.org/W2156074310","https://openalex.org/W2165916356","https://openalex.org/W2169053895","https://openalex.org/W2511290388","https://openalex.org/W2537984422","https://openalex.org/W2542277341","https://openalex.org/W2552162070","https://openalex.org/W2560901046","https://openalex.org/W2606093983","https://openalex.org/W2618708155","https://openalex.org/W2779833304","https://openalex.org/W2888218114","https://openalex.org/W2901134639","https://openalex.org/W2911498162","https://openalex.org/W2962747448","https://openalex.org/W2972020684","https://openalex.org/W2997120932","https://openalex.org/W3026721169","https://openalex.org/W3027299578","https://openalex.org/W3034782845","https://openalex.org/W3095164275","https://openalex.org/W3097010999","https://openalex.org/W3099305788","https://openalex.org/W3123838756","https://openalex.org/W3154671245","https://openalex.org/W3183877718","https://openalex.org/W3186385928","https://openalex.org/W3193939865","https://openalex.org/W3201650802","https://openalex.org/W3204125315","https://openalex.org/W3208457937","https://openalex.org/W4200073874","https://openalex.org/W4294685622","https://openalex.org/W6736466985","https://openalex.org/W6771924789","https://openalex.org/W6801647254","https://openalex.org/W7010445382","https://openalex.org/W7024646847","https://openalex.org/W7073531992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753943831","https://openalex.org/W2139893545","https://openalex.org/W1979617894","https://openalex.org/W4225572788","https://openalex.org/W2052922369","https://openalex.org/W2115448892","https://openalex.org/W2585643067","https://openalex.org/W2504146647","https://openalex.org/W3108636869","https://openalex.org/W4312458051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,49,195],"occurrence":[1],"of":[2,35,65,72,90,100,175,197,218],"extreme":[3],"windstorms":[4],"and":[5,8,19,37,46,68,86,106,114,121,124,163,192,208,211],"increasing":[6],"heat":[7],"drought":[9],"events":[10],"induced":[11],"by":[12,103,144,155],"climate":[13],"change":[14,169],"leads":[15],"to":[16,28,52,81,148,159,183,204,214],"severe":[17],"damage":[18,55,74,105],"stress":[20],"in":[21,40,116],"coniferous":[22],"forests,":[23],"making":[24],"trees":[25],"more":[26],"vulnerable":[27,66],"spruce":[29],"bark":[30,107,226],"beetle":[31,227],"infestations.":[32],"combination":[34],"abiotic":[36],"biotic":[38],"disturbances":[39],"forests":[41],"can":[42],"cause":[43,71],"drastic":[44],"environmental":[45],"economic":[47],"losses.":[48],"first":[50,96],"step":[51],"containing":[53],"such":[54,91],"is":[56],"establishing":[57],"a":[58,92,131],"monitoring":[59,93,205],"framework":[60,132,154],"for":[61,133,168,186,222],"the":[62,70,78,82,88,110,117,125,153,216],"early":[63],"detection":[64],"plots":[67],"distinguishing":[69,187],"forest":[73,206,219],"at":[75,109],"scales":[76],"from":[77],"management":[79,220],"unit":[80],"region.":[83],"To":[84],"develop":[85],"evaluate":[87],"functionality":[89],"framework,":[94],"we":[95,129,151],"selected":[97],"an":[98],"area":[99],"interest":[101],"affected":[102],"windthrow":[104],"beetles":[108],"border":[111],"between":[112],"Italy":[113],"Austria":[115],"Friulian":[118],"Dolomites,":[119],"Carnic":[120],"Julian":[122],"Alps":[123],"Carinthian":[126],"Gailtal.":[127],"Secondly,":[128],"implemented":[130],"time-series":[134],"analysis":[135],"with":[136,224],"open-access":[137],"Sentinel-2":[138,180],"data":[139],"over":[140],"four":[141],"years":[142],"(2017\u20132020)":[143],"quantifying":[145],"single-band":[146],"sensitivity":[147],"disturbances.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"enhanced":[152],"deploying":[156],"vegetation":[157],"indices":[158],"monitor":[160],"spectral":[161],"changes":[162,210],"perform":[164],"supervised":[165],"image":[166],"classification":[167],"detection.":[170],"A":[171],"mean":[172],"overall":[173],"accuracy":[174],"89%":[176],"was":[177],"achieved;":[178],"thus,":[179],"imagery":[181],"proved":[182],"be":[184],"suitable":[185],"stressed":[188],"stands,":[189],"bark-beetle-attacked":[190],"canopies":[191],"wind-felled":[193],"patches.":[194],"advantages":[196],"our":[198],"methodology":[199],"are":[200],"its":[201,212],"large-scale":[202],"applicability":[203],"health":[207],"forest-cover":[209],"usability":[213],"support":[215],"development":[217],"strategies":[221],"dealing":[223],"massive":[225],"outbreaks.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2022-12-23T00:00:00"}