{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311161376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102","title":"Automatic Detection of Marine Litter: A General Framework to Leverage Synthetic Data","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Marine Litter: A General Framework to Leverage Synthetic Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311161376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6102/pdf?version=1670401493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6102/pdf?version=1670401493","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003045903","display_name":"Manon Nagy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-4501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manon Nagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mines Paris\u2014PSL Research University, 60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-4501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mines Paris\u2014PSL Research University, 60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025427934","display_name":"Luca Istrate","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Istrate","raw_affiliation_strings":["C.R.C. Centre of Research on Risks and Crisis, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C.R.C. Centre of Research on Risks and Crisis, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074385903","display_name":"Matei Simtinic\u0103","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matei Simtinic\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u201cPolitehnica\u201d University of Bucarest, UPB, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucarest, Romania","\"Politehnica\" University of Bucarest, UPB, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucarest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cPolitehnica\u201d University of Bucarest, UPB, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucarest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Politehnica\" University of Bucarest, UPB, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucarest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005272977","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Travadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-5948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Travadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["C.R.C. Centre of Research on Risks and Crisis, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-5948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C.R.C. Centre of Research on Risks and Crisis, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467276","display_name":"Philippe Blanc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-0004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Blanc","raw_affiliation_strings":["O.I.E. Centre Observation, Impacts, Energy, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-0004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"O.I.E. Centre Observation, Impacts, Energy, MINES Paris, PSL Research University, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003045903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2544,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2743},"fwci":0.5218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53772702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"6102","last_page":"6102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-debris","display_name":"Marine debris","score":0.862465500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6703944206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5635454654693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.47521454095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46135756373405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.43484023213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4230383038520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4112369418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36407870054244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris","display_name":"Debris","score":0.3121527135372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.09087774157524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08260512351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07427552342414856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62329434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463960","display_name":"Marine debris","level":3,"score":0.862465500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6703944206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5635454654693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.47521454095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46135756373405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.43484023213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4230383038520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4112369418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36407870054244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.3121527135372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09087774157524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08260512351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07427552342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6102/pdf?version=1670401493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c752449d47454514bb46cd1a5175cac0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c752449d47454514bb46cd1a5175cac0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 6102 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/6102/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 6102","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14236102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6102/pdf?version=1670401493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311161376.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883720453","https://openalex.org/W1995421053","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2390660950","https://openalex.org/W2606412288","https://openalex.org/W2610166850","https://openalex.org/W2735973441","https://openalex.org/W2775157412","https://openalex.org/W2802213413","https://openalex.org/W2893867673","https://openalex.org/W2895805893","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2923133959","https://openalex.org/W2952034878","https://openalex.org/W2959012558","https://openalex.org/W2971128429","https://openalex.org/W2981569413","https://openalex.org/W3009522002","https://openalex.org/W3018351936","https://openalex.org/W3024533279","https://openalex.org/W3037895906","https://openalex.org/W3055327921","https://openalex.org/W3134347438","https://openalex.org/W3157286560","https://openalex.org/W3161335476","https://openalex.org/W4205835860","https://openalex.org/W4224225090","https://openalex.org/W4225253085","https://openalex.org/W4249716558","https://openalex.org/W4280496735","https://openalex.org/W4280554618","https://openalex.org/W4283815378","https://openalex.org/W4288081061","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6754684857","https://openalex.org/W6760895359","https://openalex.org/W6947827530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989932438","https://openalex.org/W3099765033","https://openalex.org/W4200101202","https://openalex.org/W4383619952","https://openalex.org/W4210794429","https://openalex.org/W3159662251","https://openalex.org/W4364856323","https://openalex.org/W4383755537","https://openalex.org/W4283732135","https://openalex.org/W1996541855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,104],"spatial":[1],"and":[2,23,60,75,137,140,172,174,203],"temporal":[3],"coverage":[4],"of":[5,29,70,82,107,130,135,143,165,169,200],"spaceborne":[6,71],"optical":[7,72],"imaging":[8],"systems":[9],"are":[10],"well":[11],"suited":[12],"for":[13,146,207],"automated":[14],"marine":[15,36,76,97,138,166,192,210],"litter":[16,77,193,211],"monitoring.":[17],"However,":[18],"developing":[19],"machine":[20,87,208],"learning-based":[21,209],"detection":[22,148,212],"identification":[24],"algorithms":[25,113],"requires":[26],"large":[27,80,159],"amounts":[28,81],"data.":[30],"Indeed,":[31],"when":[32,184],"it":[33],"comes":[34],"to":[35,57,66,78,84,95,122],"debris,":[37],"ground":[38],"validated":[39],"data":[40,54,83,117],"is":[41,65,110],"scarce.":[42],"In":[43,152],"this":[44,153],"study,":[45,155],"we":[46,156],"propose":[47],"a":[48,141,158,176],"general":[49,128],"methodology":[50],"that":[51,112],"leverages":[52],"synthetic":[53],"in":[55],"order":[56],"avoid":[58],"overfitting":[59],"generalizes":[61],"well.":[62],"idea":[64],"utilize":[67],"realistic":[68],"models":[69],"image":[73],"acquisition":[74],"generate":[79],"train":[85],"the":[86,127,198,205],"learning":[88],"algorithms.":[89],"These":[90],"can":[91,118],"then":[92],"be":[93,119],"used":[94],"detect":[96],"pollution":[98],"automatically":[99],"on":[100,115,180,186],"real":[101,187],"satellite":[102,188],"images.":[103,151],"main":[105],"contribution":[106],"our":[108,131,133,201],"study":[109],"showing":[111],"trained":[114,175],"simulated":[116],"successfully":[120,190],"transferred":[121],"real-life":[123],"situations.":[124],"We":[125],"present":[126],"components":[129],"framework,":[132],"modeling":[134],"satellites":[136],"debris":[139],"proof":[142],"concept":[144],"implementation":[145],"macro-plastic":[147],"with":[149,213],"Sentinel-2":[150],"case":[154],"generated":[157],"dataset":[160],"(more":[161],"than":[162],"16,000":[163],"pixels":[164],"debris)":[167],"composed":[168],"seawater,":[170,195],"plastic,":[171],"wood":[173],"Random":[177],"Forest":[178],"classifier":[179],"it.":[181],"This":[182],"classifier,":[183],"tested":[185],"images,":[189],"discriminates":[191],"from":[194],"thus":[196],"proving":[197],"effectiveness":[199],"approach":[202],"paving":[204],"way":[206],"even":[214],"more":[215],"representative":[216],"simulation":[217],"models.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
