{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310184599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989","title":"Estimation of Soil Freeze Depth in Typical Snowy Regions Using Reanalysis Dataset: A Case Study in Heilongjiang Province, China","display_name":"Estimation of Soil Freeze Depth in Typical Snowy Regions Using Reanalysis Dataset: A Case Study in Heilongjiang Province, China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310184599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5989/pdf?version=1669449334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5989/pdf?version=1669449334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091913612","display_name":"Xiqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-2070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055648956","display_name":"Rensheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rensheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046227327","display_name":"Chuntan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuntan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064266222","display_name":"Yong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-6165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339315","display_name":"Junfeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-0786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090825499","display_name":"Zhangwen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-9653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangwen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-9653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029708987","display_name":"Shuhai Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-1432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhai Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055648956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I37802460","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62330615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"5989","last_page":"5989"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7409984469413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.48261842131614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.47262999415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.44892072677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.35585033893585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20571163296699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1821710467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13736161589622498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7409984469413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48261842131614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.47262999415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.44892072677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.35585033893585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20571163296699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1821710467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13736161589622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5989/pdf?version=1669449334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2f33313f02549198099c5b12a3c338a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2f33313f02549198099c5b12a3c338a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 5989 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/5989/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5989","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14235989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/5989/pdf?version=1669449334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2290365087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2679261744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFC1510505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G281927719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015597750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5318616120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G591417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFC1510505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6995905399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LHZX-2020-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8324392861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LHZX-2020-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310184599.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150302184","https://openalex.org/W985672952","https://openalex.org/W1545831477","https://openalex.org/W1942818339","https://openalex.org/W1970423582","https://openalex.org/W1983736287","https://openalex.org/W1987262878","https://openalex.org/W1989165454","https://openalex.org/W1998939088","https://openalex.org/W1998994016","https://openalex.org/W1999489737","https://openalex.org/W2005751867","https://openalex.org/W2006927432","https://openalex.org/W2010522990","https://openalex.org/W2010536204","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2036680794","https://openalex.org/W2041500232","https://openalex.org/W2079577921","https://openalex.org/W2084553083","https://openalex.org/W2109877018","https://openalex.org/W2119132330","https://openalex.org/W2129594740","https://openalex.org/W2137198566","https://openalex.org/W2138861510","https://openalex.org/W2150739290","https://openalex.org/W2157026492","https://openalex.org/W2159625559","https://openalex.org/W2256583912","https://openalex.org/W2281287070","https://openalex.org/W2291082207","https://openalex.org/W2432405417","https://openalex.org/W2460420635","https://openalex.org/W2520488103","https://openalex.org/W2552674271","https://openalex.org/W2574794549","https://openalex.org/W2595486933","https://openalex.org/W2605334580","https://openalex.org/W2618237295","https://openalex.org/W2789708641","https://openalex.org/W2790007549","https://openalex.org/W2793993103","https://openalex.org/W2798048323","https://openalex.org/W2800163541","https://openalex.org/W2806778200","https://openalex.org/W2857884453","https://openalex.org/W2889534203","https://openalex.org/W2894546042","https://openalex.org/W2908898337","https://openalex.org/W2916081326","https://openalex.org/W2971154429","https://openalex.org/W2979460632","https://openalex.org/W2992699213","https://openalex.org/W2999148060","https://openalex.org/W3003933125","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3027237079","https://openalex.org/W3036122680","https://openalex.org/W3038003778","https://openalex.org/W3058890588","https://openalex.org/W3084655684","https://openalex.org/W3096715773","https://openalex.org/W3111637895","https://openalex.org/W3132781201","https://openalex.org/W3136179920","https://openalex.org/W3162426716","https://openalex.org/W3165255339","https://openalex.org/W3190061693","https://openalex.org/W3197837911","https://openalex.org/W3201030118","https://openalex.org/W3215740017","https://openalex.org/W3215749799","https://openalex.org/W4205237613","https://openalex.org/W4226313689","https://openalex.org/W4235966184","https://openalex.org/W4280591217","https://openalex.org/W4304182759","https://openalex.org/W6734499201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518757014","https://openalex.org/W2895576619","https://openalex.org/W4386248440","https://openalex.org/W2006730775","https://openalex.org/W2014511933","https://openalex.org/W2059580307","https://openalex.org/W2114273257","https://openalex.org/W3176845822","https://openalex.org/W2791632238","https://openalex.org/W2139873901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"freeze":[1,23,127,155,234,259],"depth":[2,24,48,128,156,235],"variations":[3,68,101],"greatly":[4],"affect":[5],"energy":[6],"exchange,":[7,9],"carbon":[8],"ecosystem":[10],"diversity,":[11],"and":[12,83,110,132,135,163,181,201,245,256],"the":[13,17,44,59,66,72,78,85,117,143,159,169,182,186,232,247],"water":[14],"cycle.":[15],"Given":[16],"importance":[18,248],"of":[19,33,50,62,88,168,212,219,236,249],"these":[20],"processes,":[21],"obtaining":[22],"data":[25],"over":[26,174,238],"large":[27,240],"scales":[28],"is":[29],"an":[30],"important":[31],"focus":[32],"research.":[34],"This":[35,224],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"a":[38,205,210,216,227,239],"simple":[39,120],"empirical":[40,179],"algorithm":[41,180],"to":[42,99,124,198,230],"estimate":[43,125],"maximum":[45],"seasonally":[46,51],"frozen":[47,52],"(MSFD)":[49],"ground":[53,138],"(SFG)":[54],"in":[55,71,116,242,254],"snowy":[56,243],"regions.":[57],"First,":[58],"potential":[60],"influences":[61],"driving":[63],"factors":[64],"on":[65,77],"MSFD":[67,100,189,202],"were":[69,114],"quantified":[70],"baseline":[73],"period":[74],"(1981\u20132010)":[75,131,190],"based":[76],"26":[79],"meteorological":[80],"stations":[81],"within":[82],"around":[84],"SFG":[86,237],"region":[87],"Heilongjiang":[89],"province.":[90],"The":[91],"three":[92],"variables":[93,253],"that":[94],"contributed":[95],"more":[96],"than":[97],"10%":[98],"(i.e.,":[102],"air":[103],"freezing":[104],"index,":[105],"annual":[106],"mean":[107,160,165],"snow":[108,111,251],"depth,":[109],"cover":[112,252],"days)":[113],"considered":[115],"analysis.":[118],"A":[119],"multiple":[121,150],"linear":[122,151],"regression":[123,152],"soil":[126,233,258],"was":[129,191],"fitted":[130],"verified":[133],"(1975\u20131980":[134],"2011\u20132014)":[136],"using":[137],"station":[139,170],"observations.":[140],"Compared":[141],"with":[142,158],"commonly":[144],"used":[145],"simplified":[146],"Stefan":[147],"solution,":[148],"this":[149,178],"produced":[153],"superior":[154],"estimations,":[157],"absolute":[161],"error":[162,167],"root":[164],"square":[166],"average":[171,188],"reduced":[172],"by":[173],"20%.":[175],"By":[176],"utilizing":[177],"ERA5-Land":[183],"reanalysis":[184],"dataset,":[185],"multi-year":[187],"132":[192],"cm,":[193,200],"ranging":[194],"from":[195,222],"52":[196],"cm":[197,221],"186":[199],"anomaly":[203],"exhibited":[204],"significant":[206],"decreasing":[207],"trend,":[208],"at":[209],"rate":[211],"\u22120.38":[213],"cm/decade":[214],"or":[215],"net":[217],"change":[218],"\u221228.14":[220],"1950\u20132021.":[223],"study":[225],"provided":[226],"practical":[228],"approach":[229],"model":[231],"scale":[241],"regions":[244],"emphasized":[246],"considering":[250],"analyzing":[255],"estimating":[257],"depth.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}